Internet of Things (IoT) for Seamless Virtual Reality Space: Challenges and Perspectives

You, Dongho; Seo, Bong-Seok; Jeong, Eun-Young; Kim, Dong Ho

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2829194

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…VR‐ and AR‐based IoT devices change the perception of the people by taking them into the virtual world. An example of such systems is car racing game with six degrees of freedom (DOFs) . There are various VR devices made by different companies: Cardboard (Google), Hololens (Microsoft), Oculus Rift (Facebook), and GearVR (Samsung).…”

Section: Background and History Of Tactile Internetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile internet and its applications in 5G era: A comprehensive review

Gupta

Tanwar

Tyagi

et al. 2019

Int J Communication

127

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Over the last few years, communication latency has been a major hurdle for most of the applications deployed in different network domains. During this era, a number of communication protocols and standards were developed and used by the community. However, still, the problem of latency persists keeping in view of the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) for different applications. To mitigate the aforementioned issues, in this paper, we present an in-depth survey of state-of-the art proposals having tactile internet as a backbone for delay mitigation using 5G networks for future ultra-reliable low-latency applications such as Healthcare 4.0, Industry 4.0, virtual reality and augmented reality, and smart education. From the existing proposals, it has been observed that tactile internet can provide interactions between virtual objects to give a feel of real environment with maximum latency of 1 millisecond. Also, this paper highlights the key differences between the tactile internet and Internet of Things in context with 5G revolution. Then open issues and challenges of tactile internet for smart applications are analyzed. Finally, a comparison of existing proposals with respect to various parameters is presented, which allows the end users to select one of the proposals in comparison with its merits over the others. KEYWORDSHealthcare 4.0, Industry 4.0, IoT, latency, reliability, tactile internet, 5G INTRODUCTIONMobile communication allows users to exchange data using smart devices ubiquitously using the mobile internet (MI). MI has millions of connected smart devices irrespective of their locations. It has revolutionized the different segments of industries such as health care, logistics, education, gaming, and transportation for maintaining quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) for different applications. Moreover, it provides a device-to-device (D2D) communication, ie, ubiquitous communication for data sharing and communication between devices. This D2D communication coined the new term, the Internet of Things (IoT), 1 which provides the low power devices or equipments to perform specific tasks in the environment where they are deployed. IoT is being used in various smart city applications such as smart lightening, smart parking, waste management, traffic congestion, and forest fire detection. In D2D communication, the mobile devices can share prime or critical information in which a delay of even millisecond can harm the persons life (for example, the information sharing during robotic telesurgery). Existing cellular systems infrastructure is not suitable for such sensitive data sharing because of low data rates and long delay (greater than 20 ms). However, for D2D communications, Int J Commun Syst. 2019;32:e3981.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dac

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Section: Background and History Of Tactile Internetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile internet and its applications in 5G era: A comprehensive review

Gupta

Tanwar

Tyagi

et al. 2019

Int J Communication

127

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“…On the other hand, capturing and editing light-field videos are not achievable yet, because they require complicated hardware and setup. Although the release of modern equipment like Lytro Immerge [21] has made the process easier, the resolution of the captured light-field videos is still low [22]. Therefore, we focus only on free navigation and interactive all-reality services.…”

Section: B Characteristics Of Immersive Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AR augments the objects in a real world by perceptual information, while VR uses computer technology to create an interactive experience simulating reality. According to [22], providing six degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) by using the multimedia captured in the real world (not by computer graphics) is the main focus of current VR researches. Realizing life-like VR spaces without human discomfort requires at least 2.7 Tbps 1 [38].…”

Section: ) Ar/vr Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fog Computing as an Enabler for Immersive Media: Service Scenarios and Research Opportunities

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Immersive media services, such as augmented reality and virtual reality (AR/VR), a 360degree video, and free-viewpoint video (FVV), are popular today. They require massive data storage, ultrahigh computing power, and ultralow latency. It is hard to fulfill these requirements simultaneously in a conventional communication system using a cloud/centralized radio access network (C-RAN). Specifically, due to centralized processing in such a system, the end-to-end latency, as well as the burden on the fronthaul network, are expected to be high. Fog computing-based radio access networks (F-RAN), in contrast, have been widely considered as an enabler for immersive media. Our contribution in this paper is threefold: First, we propose various service scenarios reflecting the characteristics of immersive media. Second, we identify the technologies that are required to support the proposed service scenarios under F-RAN and discuss how they can support the proposed scenarios efficiently. Third, we discuss possible research opportunities.a A list of acronyms can be found in the Appendix.INDEX TERMS Fog computing, radio access networks, immersive media, free-viewpoint video, 360-degree video, virtual reality, augmented reality.

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“…An end-to-end system architecture that underlies IoT networks for seamless VR space was proposed in [27]. The architecture contains five stages: acquisition, classification, virtual image and video reconstruction, transmission, and consumer processing.…”

Section: Vr and Iot Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thorough review of related works was presented in this section and important IoT solutions were discussed in the context of this paper, highlighting their gaps, which are addressed by this work. Some of the related works do not perform analysis of network performance [12], [26], other research outputs do not discuss comparatively different protocols [12], [27], [30], and the remaining articles do not consider synchronization in order to guarantee consistency between real and virtual devices [13], [30].…”

Section: E Social Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Virtual World Device Synchronization in a Cloud-Enabled Social Virtual Reality IoT Network

Simiscuka¹,

Markande²,

Muntean³

2019

IEEE Access

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Virtual reality (VR) is currently being used in many different areas such as car prototyping, gaming, medical training, teaching, and so on. The Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as systems-on-achip (e.g. Raspberry Pi), smart appliances, and sensors support a wide range of services, including machine automation, and remote monitoring and control. This paper introduces a novel social VR-IoT environment, which allows users to share and control local or remote IoT devices in a virtual platform. Two approaches using the VR-IoT solution are presented: one local network-based and one cloud-based. The proposed VR-IoT environment contains VRITESS, the novel VR-IoT Environment Synchronization Scheme, which facilitates a consistent and integrated experience for users by enabling control of real IoT objects with VR headsets. The control of some IoT objects in extreme environments or devices which are complex to operate can be simplified in a virtual environment. The VRITESS synchronization scheme maintains the real objects updated following instructions given in the virtual world and vice-versa. Testing involved local network-based and cloud-based testbeds created with a VR headset and IoT devices with the Performance Engineering Laboratory, Dublin City University's, Ireland. Test results demonstrated that lower latency is experienced in the local-network testbed in comparison with the cloud testbed. Furthermore, tests regarding the communications protocols implemented in the cloud testbed indicated that MQTT generates less delay and data traffic than REST. INDEX TERMS Multimedia IoT, three-dimensional visualization, virtual reality (VR), VR-IoT. ANDERSON AUGUSTO SIMISCUKA (S'17) received the B.Sc. degree in information systems from Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Performance Engineering Laboratory, School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University (DCU). He was involved in several telecom and software development projects with companies such as Wittel,

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Internet of Things (IoT) for Seamless Virtual Reality Space: Challenges and Perspectives

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Tactile internet and its applications in 5G era: A comprehensive review

Tactile internet and its applications in 5G era: A comprehensive review

Fog Computing as an Enabler for Immersive Media: Service Scenarios and Research Opportunities

Real-Virtual World Device Synchronization in a Cloud-Enabled Social Virtual Reality IoT Network

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