Internet of Trees (IoTr) Implemented by Highly Dispersive Electromagnetic Sensors

Ramzan, Rashad; Omar, Muhammad Firdaus; Siddiqui, Omar; Ksiksi, Taoufik; Bastaki, Nabil

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3014387

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Antenna-based sensors in this work are also distinguishable from "auto-tuning" RFID tags [28], [29], where the changes in the RFID chip's impedance are used to account for and respond to the change in the antenna's impedances. The sensor's readout is typically observed through the sparameters [11], [20], for a resonator, or through the far-field gain [6], of a sensing antenna. The real-permittivity (ϵ r ) results in a resonance shift while a change in the tanδ of the material results in a change in the antenna or resonator's gain and quality (Q)-factor, respectively.…”

Section: Antenna-based Sensing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in limited adoption of RF-based sensing in real IoT systems. To illustrate, certain resonant sensors may act as radiators [20], which restricts their real-world deployment due to frequency spectrum regulations requiring re-design [21]. As multiple efforts aimed to present holistic and standardized approaches to wireless sensing, including investigations of the trade-offs between sensitivity and read-range in passive RFID [22], a practical study focusing on the methodology of designing antenna-based sensors is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward the Optimal Antenna-Based Wireless Sensing Strategy: An Ice Sensing Case Study

Wagih

Shi

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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Remote ice detection has emerged as an application of Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. While antenna-based "RFID" sensing can detect various measurands, antenna-based sensors are not currently designed based on a systematic methodology, and in most cases may have a low sensitivity requiring specialist hardware or broadband interrogation signals, incompatible with spectrum regulations. Here, we develop a systematic methodology for designing an antenna-based sensor, applicable to measurands inducing a dielectric change in the near-field of the antenna. The proposed methodology is applied to designing printable antennas as highly-sensitive sensors for detecting and measuring the thickness of ice, demonstrating best-in-class sensory response compared to more complex antenna designs. Antenna design is investigated systematically for wireless interrogation in the 2.4 GHz band, where it is found that a loop antenna outperforms a dipole owing to its more distributed capacitance. The antenna's realized gain was identified as the optimum parameter-under-test, with "positive" sensing proposed as a method of improving linearity and immunity to interference. The developed loop antenna sensor exhibits resilience to interference and applicability to different real-world deployment environments, demonstrated through over 80% average ice thickness measurement accuracy and at least 5 dB real-time sensitivity to ice deposition.

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Section: Antenna-based Sensing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Optimal Antenna-Based Wireless Sensing Strategy: An Ice Sensing Case Study

Wagih

Shi

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…Antenna-based sensing, and more generally RF-based sensing, relies on a change in the dielectric or conductive properties of a material to change the performance of the RF device [10]. This change is typically observed through the s-parameters matrix [10], [18], or through the far-field gain [20], of a sensing antenna. To explain, the real-permittivity ( r ) results in a resonance shift due to the increase in the capacitive element of the antenna/resonator's equivalent circuit.…”

Section: Rf-sensing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To illustrate, in certain designs, the resonant sensors may act as radiators (i.e. antennas) [18], which may restrict their real-world deployment due to frequency spectrum regulations requiring sensor re-design. As multiple research efforts have been carried out to present holistic and standardized approaches to IoT sensing [19], a similar study focusing on standardizing the design of RF sensors is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Optimal Antenna-Based Wireless Sensing Strategy: An Ice Sensing Case Study

Wagih¹,

Shi²

2022

Preprint

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Remote ice detection has recently emerged as an application of Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. While RF sensing is a feasible approach used for detecting various stimuli, the optimal system architecture and design strategy for RF-based sensing in future Internet of Things (IoT) systems remains unclear. In this paper, we propose a systematic methodology for designing an RF-based sensing system, applicable to a plethora of IoT applications. The proposed methodology is used to design printable antennas as highly-sensitive sensors for detecting and measuring the thickness of ice, demonstrating best-in-class sensory response. Antenna design is investigated systematically for wireless interrogation in the 2.4 GHz band, to support a variety of IoT protocols. Following the proposed methodology, the antenna's realized gain was identified as the optimum parameter-under-test. The developed loop antenna sensor exhibits a high linearity, resilience to interference, and applicability to different real-world deployment environments, demonstrated through over 90% average ice thickness measurement accuracy and at least 5 dB real-time sensitivity to ice deposition.

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“…Chipless RFID tags and sensors are passive in nature, have miniaturized dimensions and low cost which can be deployed in a variety of applications such as defense and logistics, food processing, healthcare, agriculture and environment, retail industries, and banking, in addition to other applications that operate under the umbrella of the IoT framework [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Efficient Chipless RFID System for Modern Applications in IoT Networks

et al. 2021

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In this article, we present the design and validation of an efficient chipless RFID system. A multi-resonator chipless tag is designed and tested for high bit coding capacity. A high gain, ultra-wideband step-shape rectangular patch (USRP) antenna is proposed to validate the specificity of the tag in terms of its operation. The devised antenna is evaluated for various performance parameters, which recommend its suitability for testing and validation of high-capacity tags that can be deployed in modern applications, particularly in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks. A measurement setup is established to achieve performance validation of the tag over a significant range of 40 cm. There is close agreement between the measured and simulated results, which suggests that the proposed antenna system can be adopted in a similar measurement setup to test and validate the performance of any chipless RFID tag operating in the same bandwidth meant for IoT networks.

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Internet of Trees (IoTr) Implemented by Highly Dispersive Electromagnetic Sensors

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Toward the Optimal Antenna-Based Wireless Sensing Strategy: An Ice Sensing Case Study

Toward the Optimal Antenna-Based Wireless Sensing Strategy: An Ice Sensing Case Study

Towards the Optimal Antenna-Based Wireless Sensing Strategy: An Ice Sensing Case Study

Towards an Efficient Chipless RFID System for Modern Applications in IoT Networks

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