Interoception and gender: What aspects should we pay attention to?

Grabauskaitė, Aida; Baranauskas, Mindaugas; Griškova-Bulanova, Inga

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.11.002

Cited by 118 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Capitalizing on these results, future studies may test whether human-avatar congruency correlates with the number and amplitude of sighs, which were excluded from the present analytical framework, and investigate how the impact of breathing on embodiment generalizes to females, who should display an even stronger influence of respiratory signals due to sex differences in interoceptive accuracy (Grabauskaitė et al 2017;Harver et al 1993). Follow-up experiments may also modulate the influence of breathing on corporeal awareness through voluntary control of respiration, possibly with the help of embreathment-based biofeedback or mindful meditation protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “embreathment” illusion highlights the role of breathing in corporeal awareness

Monti

Porciello

Tieri

et al. 2020

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Recent theories posit that physiological signals contribute to corporeal awareness, the basic feeling that one has a body (body ownership) that acts according to one’s will (body agency) and occupies a specific position (body location). Combining physiological recordings with immersive virtual reality, we found that an ecological mapping of real respiratory patterns onto a virtual body illusorily changes corporeal awareness. This new way of inducing a respiratory bodily illusion, called “embreathment,” revealed that breathing is almost as important as visual appearance for inducing body ownership and more important than any other cue for body agency. These effects were moderated by individual levels of interoception, as assessed through a standard heartbeat-counting task and a new “pneumoception” task. By showing that respiratory, visual, and spatial signals exert a specific and weighted influence on the fundamental feeling that one is an embodied agent, we pave the way for a comprehensive hierarchical model of corporeal awareness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our body is the only object we sense from the inside; however, it is unclear how much inner physiology contributes to the global sensation of having a body and controlling it. We combine respiration recordings with immersive virtual reality and find that making a virtual body breathe like the real body gives an illusory sense of ownership and agency over the avatar, elucidating the role of a key physiological process like breathing in corporeal awareness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “embreathment” illusion highlights the role of breathing in corporeal awareness

Monti

Porciello

Tieri

et al. 2020

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Given that much of the existing work on interoception and suicidality has been conducted with female samples, the replication of these patterns in a largely male sample suggests that the relation may hold across genders. However, it will be important for future work to consider gender, as recent research suggests that women have better interoceptive sensibilities than men in some domains, but men outperform women in others (Grabauskaitė, Baranauskas, & Griškova‐Bulanova, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoceptive deficits differentiate suicide groups and associate with self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors in a military sample

Smith

Dodd

Ortiz

et al. 2019

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Objective Previous research shows that interoceptive deficits are associated with harmful behaviors such as nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), eating disorder pathology, and suicide attempts. The present study replicates and extends this area of research by examining the association between interoceptive deficits and suicidality in a military sample. Method In Study 1, respondents to an online survey (N = 134) answered self‐report questionnaires related to interoceptive deficits. Study 2 consisted of a secondary data analysis of 3,764 military service members who had previously completed questionnaires on interoceptive indicators, NSSI, suicide thoughts and attempts, and other psychopathology. Results Study 1 demonstrated that our interoceptive deficits latent variable had adequate psychometric properties. In Study 2, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that scores on the interoceptive deficits latent variable were highest among suicide attempters, lowest among those with no suicide history, and intermediary among participants who had thought about but not attempted suicide. The interoceptive deficits latent variable was more strongly related to NSSI and suicidality than were posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, hopelessness, gender, and age. Conclusions These results confirm—and extend to a military sample—previous research showing that interoceptive deficits can provide important information about suicide risk.

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“…We tested whether results changed when body mass index (BMI) and sex were regressed out of the heartbeat counting scores given evidence that both body composition and sex are related to heartbeat perception ability (e.g., Murphy et al, 2018;Grabauskaitė, Baranauskas, & Griškova-Bulanova, 2017;Rouse, Jones, & Jones, 1988). As this had little influence on the pattern of results obtained these data are reported in the Supplementary Information (see supplementary Figure [S1]).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the stability of heartbeat counting in middle childhood: a twin study

Murphy¹,

Cheesman²,

Gregory³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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There is growing interest in interoception, the perception of the body’s internal state, and its relevance for health and higher-order cognition across development. To date, most evidence linking interoception to health and cognition has used the heartbeat counting task. However, the stability of the measure across time, particularly during childhood, and the etiological factors that underlie individual differences in stability remain largely unexamined. Using data from the ECHO twin sample (N=204 twin pairs), we estimated the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the stability of heartbeat counting across a two-year period (8-10 years), the longest time-frame examined. We found a relatively modest correlation between heartbeat counting accuracy across time (r=.35), with accuracy on the heartbeat counting task improving with age. In our longitudinal twin analysis, we found that the heritability of heartbeat counting dropped between Time 1 and Time 2 from 30% to 6%. No new genetic influences were observed at Time 2, suggesting that genetic influences across this age-range are entirely stable. In contrast, shared environmental influences increased from 6% to 22%, with most of the influence at Time 2 due to new environmental factors. Of note, nonshared environmental factors accounted for the greatest proportion of variance at both time points, 64% and 73% respectively, and were the main contributors to temporal stability in heartbeat counting accuracy. Future research should seek to identify these non-shared environmental factors and elucidate whether this relatively modest stability reflects variability of interoception across development or unreliability of the heartbeat counting task.

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Interoception and gender: What aspects should we pay attention to?

Cited by 118 publications

References 58 publications

The “embreathment” illusion highlights the role of breathing in corporeal awareness

The “embreathment” illusion highlights the role of breathing in corporeal awareness

Interoceptive deficits differentiate suicide groups and associate with self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors in a military sample

Estimating the stability of heartbeat counting in middle childhood: a twin study

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