Interpenetrated 3D porous scaffolds of silk fibroin with an amino and octadecyl functionalized hyaluronic acid

Abstract

An ethylenediamine (EDA) and octadecylamine (-C 18 ) hyaluronic acid (HA) derivative, named HA-EDA-C 18 , has been used for the production of interpenetrated composite biomaterials with silk fibroin. The peculiar ionic strength sensibility of this HA derivative allows the production of porous matrices without the need for chemical crosslinking. Scaffolds have been produced through a salt leaching procedure by exploiting the properties of silk fibroin and HA-EDA-C 18 to physically crosslink when forced through a syringe loaded with NaCl. The porosity of the sponges, comprised between 70-80%, was dependent on the amount of each polymer and NaCl size distribution. Moreover, through FT-IR analysis, it has been evaluated how the blend composition influences the conformational changes of fibroin. This study demonstrates that HA-EDA-C 18 induces the transition of silk fibroin to its b-sheet conformation. Moreover, the HA-EDA-C 18 weight fraction in composite sponges regulates the scaffold susceptibility to protease and hyaluronidase. FT-IR analysis and enzymatic hydrolysis studies suggest that the homogeneous interpenetration of polymers occurs. In vitro studies indicate that the presence of fibroin improves the viability and attachment of bovine chondrocytes.

Hyaluronic Acid Derivative with Improved Versatility for Processing and Biological Functionalization

“…However, nowadays new HA derivatives are required to improve the control over scaffold shape, porosity, cell, and drug loading as well as biological functionalization. Recently our research group has designed a variety of HA derivatives bearing pendant amino and alkyl functionalities . Among these, the derivative bearing ethylenediamine (EDA) and octadecylamine (C 18 ‐NH 2 ), named HA‐EDA‐C 18 , has been processed for the production of composite scaffolds with fibroin .…”

Chemical stiffening of constructs between polymeric microparticles based on a hyaluronic acid derivative and mesenchymal stem cells: rheological and in vitro viability studies

“…Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) ( M w 240 kDa, polydispersity index 1.9) and hyaluronic acid tetrabutylammonium salt (HA‐TBA) were produced as reported elsewhere . Hyaluronic acid derivative (HA‐EDA‐C 18 ), bearing as pendant chains octadecylamine (C 18 ‐NH 2 ) (12% ± 1.3% mol/mol) and ethylendiamine (EDA) (30% ± 0.5% mol/mol) portions, was obtained following the chemical procedure reported in previous papers . N ‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), 2‐iminothiolane hydrochloride (Traut's reagent), 5,5′‐dithiobis(2‐nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Milan, Italy).…”

“…11 Hyaluronic acid derivative (HA-EDA-C 18 ), bearing as pendant chains octadecylamine (C 18 -NH 2 ) (12% ± 1.3% mol/mol) and ethylendiamine (EDA) (30% ± 0.5% mol/mol) portions, was obtained following the chemical procedure reported in previous papers. [18][19][20][21] N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride (Traut's reagent), 5,5 ′ -dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). 4-Maleimidobutyric acid (MLB) was purchased from Fluka (Milan, Italy).…”

Microfluidic Fabrication of Physically Assembled Nanogels and Micrometric Fibers by Using a Hyaluronic Acid Derivative

“…[14] In a previous paper, our research group has produced an octadecylamine (C 18 ) and ethylenediamine (EDA) hyaluronic acid derivative (named HA-EDA-C 18 ) able to undergo a physical crosslinking dependent on the medium ionic strength. [15][16][17] In this preliminary work, a water miscible organic solvent has been employed to reduce the viscosity of an HA-EDA-C 18 (≈300 kDa) dispersion to reach concentrations suitable for fiber fabrication through microfluidic…”

“…Despite hyaluronic acid (HA) can represent a suitable choice for the production of nano‐micrometric bioactive materials, due to its ability to stimulate specific cellular responses and in consideration of its targeting properties, in its native form, this polysaccharide has been poorly employed for microfluidic fabrication procedures because it lacks of stimulus sensitive self‐assembling properties . In a previous paper, our research group has produced an octadecylamine (C 18 ) and ethylenediamine (EDA) hyaluronic acid derivative (named HA‐EDA‐C 18 ) able to undergo a physical crosslinking dependent on the medium ionic strength . In this preliminary work, a water miscible organic solvent has been employed to reduce the viscosity of an HA‐EDA‐C 18 (≈300 kDa) dispersion to reach concentrations suitable for fiber fabrication through microfluidic technique.…”