Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Abstract

An interpenetrating polymer network, IPN, is a combination of two polymers in network form, at least one of which is synthesized and/or cross‐linked in the immediate presence of the other (L. H. Sperling, Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1981). An IPN is distinguished from other multipolymer combinations, such as polymer blends, blocks, and grafts, in two ways: ( 1 ) an IPN swells, but does not dissolve in solvents; and ( 2 ) creep and flow are suppressed. This article discusses synthesis, morphology, glass transitions, and mechanical behavior of IPNs, and outlines known and proposed applications of these materials. Some applications of note include sound and vibration damping, biomedical applications, natural products and renewable resources, tough and impact‐resistant materials, etc.

Photochemical Production of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Simultaneous Initiation of Radical and Cationic Polymerization Reactions

“…One can also define: (i) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks SIPN (they contain networks and linear or branched polymer(s) that can be separated) and (ii) sequential semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. IPNs and SIPNs can be formed simultaneously or sequentially [1][2][3][4][5]. All these arrangements belong to hybrid systems (systems that contain two or more different chemical functionalities) and lead to novel properties resulting from the physico-chemical nature of the monomer/polymer used and the degree of phase separation, the formed polymers being not miscible.…”

Synthesis and characterization of modified bismaleimide/polysulfone semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks

“…6 In situ polymerization or crosslinking of one or more of monomers or oligomers inside and through another network usually leads to formation of interpenetrating fine multidomains having sizes of tens of nanometers as illustrated and reported elsewhere. 7 It was also emphasized that tailoring the interfaces of IPNs is necessary to obtain desired properties and overcome challenges such as defects in the fine structure, 8 phase separation, 9 and incompatibility. 10 The importance of IPNs formation process to tailor gas or liquid transport characteristics which were correlated with the chemical structure and matrix morphology was recognized by several groups.…”

Recent Advancements in Polymer-Based Composite Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

“…The interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), a concept devised by Klempner [112] and Sperling [113] independently in 1969, is a novel type of polymer blend composing of crosslinked polymers and is used to improve the compatibility between the immiscible phases in traditional polymer/ polymer composite processing [114]. IPNs are intimate mixtures of two or more distinct crosslinked polymer networks with no covalent bonds between the polymers (i.e., polymer A crosslinks only with other molecules of polymer A, and polymer B crosslinks only with other molecules of polymer B) which can be synthesized sequentially (from polymer A and monomer B) or simultaneously (from monomer A and monomer B).…”