Interplay of the Factors Affecting Water Flux and Salt Rejection in Membrane Distillation: A State-of-the-Art Critical Review

Chen, L.; Xu, Pei; Wang, Huiyao

doi:10.3390/w12102841

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 222 publications

(342 reference statements)

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“…During the ultrafiltration process, thicker membranes and smaller pore sizes were also expected to show a lower permeability and a greater rejection ratio [ 53 ]. Flow resistance is created by friction between water molecules and the inner surface of membrane pores because water transport into the pore channels is often laminar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes

et al. 2022

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The effects of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) contents on the structure, properties, and ultrafiltration performance of chitosan-based nanocomposite membranes containing poly(ethylene glycol) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT) were examined. The membranes were prepared by a mixing solution method and phase inversion before being characterized with microscopic techniques, tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, water contact angle, and porosity measurements. The performance of the nanocomposite membranes in regard to permeability (flux) and permselectivity (rejection) was examined. The results show that the incorporation of BKC produced nanocomposite membranes with smaller pore structures and improved physico-chemical properties, such as an increase in porosity and surface roughness (Ra = 45.15 to 145.35 nm and Rq = 53.69 to 167.44 nm), an enhancement in the elongation at break from 45 to 109%, and an enhancement in the mechanical strength from 31.2 to 45.8 MPa. In contrast, a decrease in the membrane hydrophilicity (water contact angle increased from 56.3 to 82.8°) and a decrease in the average substructure pore size from 32.64 to 10.08 nm were observed. The membrane rejection performances toward Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) increased with the BKC composition in both dead-end and cross-flow filtration processes. The chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT nanocomposite membranes have great potential in wastewater treatments for minimizing biofouling without reducing the water purification performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes

et al. 2022

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“…It is suggested that due to the concentration of f s -HNT and PVDFm between 11–20% exhibit the particle–particle interaction between HNT and the polymer, which predominates a uniform distribution within the composite and form an interconnected network [ 38 ]. However, in the MD process, increase in membrane thickness may reduce the mass transfer coefficient as it requires a longer passage for the penetration of water vapor [ 39 ]. Thus, this membrane is not preferable compared to the Pf w -HNT membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnauba Wax/Halloysite Nanotube with Improved Anti-Wetting and Permeability of Hydrophobic PVDF Membrane via DCMD

2021

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The hydrophobic membranes have been widely explored to meet the membrane characteristics for the membrane distillation (MD) process. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles have been used to improve the membrane hydrophobicity, but limited studies have used nano clay particles. This study introduces halloysite nanotube (HNT) as an alternative material to synthesis a hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-HNT membrane. The PVDF membranes were fabricated using functionalized HNTs (e.g., carnauba wax and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane (FOTS)). The results were determined by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection, scanning electron microscope, goniometer and porometer to determine the desired hydrophobic membrane for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The addition of FOTS-HNT (fs-HNT) and carnauba wax-HNT (fw-HNT) in the PVDF membrane enhanced the water contact angle (CA) to 127° and 137°, respectively. The presence of fw-HNT in the PVDF membrane exhibited higher liquid entry pressure (LEP) (2.64 bar) compared to fs-HNT in the membrane matrix (1.44 bar). The PVDF/fw-HNT membrane (Pfw-HNT) obtained the highest flux of 7.24 L/m2h with 99.9% salt removal. A stable permeability in the Pfw-HNT membrane was obtained throughout 16 h of DCMD. The incorporation of fw-HNT in the PVDF membrane had improved the anti-wetting properties and the membrane performance with the anti-fouling effect.

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“…In most previous studies, the permeate fluxes increased with the feed flow rate (Shirazi et al 2014;Shim et al 2015). Generally, a higher feed flow rate leads to higher turbulence, which results in the better mixing of the feed solution, which in turn enhanced the mass and heat transfer coefficient (Qusay et al 2017;Chen et al 2020). This is due to the reduction in the temperature and concentration polarization boundary layer thickness.…”

Section: Effect Of Feed Flow Ratementioning

confidence: 95%

Flat sheet metakaolin ceramic membrane for water desalination via direct contact membrane distillation

Zewdie

Habtu

Dutta

et al. 2022

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination

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Hydrophobic metakaolin-based flat sheet membrane was developed via phase inversion and sintering technique and modified through 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane grafting agents. The prepared membrane was characterized by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, contact angle, porosity, and mechanical strength. Their results indicated that the wettability, structural, and mechanical properties of the prepared membrane confirm the suitability of the material for membrane distillation (MD) application. The prepared metakaolin-based flat sheet membrane acquired hydrophobic properties after surface modification with the water contact angle values of 113.2° to 143.3°. Afterward, the membrane performance was tested for different sodium chloride aqueous solutions (synthetic seawater) and various operating parameters (feed temperature, feed flow rate) using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Based on the findings, the prepared membrane at metakaolin loading of 45 wt.% and sintered at 1,300 °C was achieved the best performance with >95% salt rejection and permeate flux of 6.58 ± 0.3 L/m2 · h at feed temperature of 80 °C, feed concentration of 35 g/L, and feed flow rate of 60 L/h. It can be concluded that further optimization of membrane porosity, mechanical, and surface properties is required to maximize the permeate flux and salt rejection.

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Interplay of the Factors Affecting Water Flux and Salt Rejection in Membrane Distillation: A State-of-the-Art Critical Review

Cited by 48 publications

References 222 publications

Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes

Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes

Carnauba Wax/Halloysite Nanotube with Improved Anti-Wetting and Permeability of Hydrophobic PVDF Membrane via DCMD

Flat sheet metakaolin ceramic membrane for water desalination via direct contact membrane distillation

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