INTERPOPULATION DIFFERENCES IN TOLERANCE TO CREOSOTE BUSH RESIN IN DESERT WOODRATS (<i>NEOTOMA LEPIDA</i>)

Mangione, Antonio M.; Dearing, M. Denise; Karasov, William H.

doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2067:idittc]2.0.co;2

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The maximum dose was defined as the greatest dose of creosote resin consumed by each animal within a 24 h period (g resin ingested per day) during the trial [13]. Woodrats (n ¼ 16) were acclimated to cool or warm temperatures for 14 -21 days before the trial was conducted.…”

Section: (C) Maximum Dose Of Creosote Resin At Two Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient temperature influences tolerance to plant secondary compounds in a mammalian herbivore

2016

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Growing evidence suggests that plant secondary compounds (PSCs) ingested by mammals become more toxic at elevated ambient temperatures, a phenomenon known as temperature-dependent toxicity. We investigated temperaturedependent toxicity in the desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), a herbivorous rodent that naturally encounters PSCs in creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), which is a major component of its diet. First, we determined the maximum dose of creosote resin ingested by woodrats at warm (28-298C) or cool (21-228C) temperatures. Second, we controlled the daily dose of creosote resin ingested at warm, cool and room (258C) temperatures, and measured persistence in feeding trials. At the warm temperature, woodrats ingested significantly less creosote resin; their maximum dose was two-thirds that of animals at the cool temperature. Moreover, woodrats at warm and room temperatures could not persist on the same dose of creosote resin as woodrats at the cool temperature. Our findings demonstrate that warmer temperatures reduce PSC intake and tolerance in herbivorous rodents, highlighting the potentially adverse consequences of temperature-dependent toxicity. These results will advance the field of herbivore ecology and may hone predictions of mammalian responses to climate change.

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Section: (C) Maximum Dose Of Creosote Resin At Two Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient temperature influences tolerance to plant secondary compounds in a mammalian herbivore

2016

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“…There are animals that are tolerant of resins, however. The desert wood rat (Neotoma lepida) feeds extensively on creosote bush leaves, at least in certain areas of its range (Mangione et al 2000). These leaves can contain as much as 25% of the dry mass as phenolic resin (Rhoades and Cates 1976).…”

Section: Exudates As Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Digestive Challenges to Being a Gum-Feeding Primate

Power

2010

The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates

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Gum is an unusual food that presents significant challenges to animals that feed on it. Gum is limited in availability; trees generally secrete it only in response to damage. Gum is a b-linked complex polysaccharide, and as such is resistant to mammalian digestive enzymes and requires fermentation by gut microbes. It contains little or no lipid, low amounts of protein, and no appreciable levels of vitamins. As a food, gum can be characterized as difficult to obtain, potentially limited in quantity, difficult to digest, and primarily a source of energy and minerals. Despite these drawbacks, many primates feed extensively on gums. Among mammals, gum-feeding largely appears to be a primate dietary adaptation. Why are there so many primate gum-feeders and what adaptations have allowed them to make a living on such a problematic food? This is the central question of this book. This chapter examines digestive and nutritional aspects of gum. Specific examples of biological adaptations found in common and pygmy marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Cebuella pygmaea), small New World primate gum-feeding specialists, will be examined. These marmoset species have many similarities in their behavior, morphology and metabolism, but also some instructive differences in their digestive function. C. pygmaea is the smallest of the marmosets but has the slowest passage rate of digesta. This might represent an adaptation to retain difficult-to-digest material, such as gum, within the gut to allow fermentation. In contrast, C. jacchus has a rapid passage rate. Passage rate in C. jacchus appears adapted more for rapidly excreting indigestible material (e.g., seeds) than for retaining gum within the gut to enable more complete digestion. Fruit is a rare component of C. pygmaea's diet; hence any constraint on feeding caused by filling the gut with ingested seeds is greatly relaxed, apparently enabling digestive kinetics that favor digestive efficiency over maximizing food intake. Interestingly, however, these marmosets share an ability to digest gum despite their differences in gum kinetics. In captivity both species have been shown to be more able to digest Acacia gum than related species that feed less often on gum in the wild.

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“…It is easily identified by its smooth bark, and by small 10 mm resinous dark green leaves. The creosote's resin has high tannic contents that repels herbivorous insects and rodents (Mangione et al 2000, Medina et al 2012). …”

Section: Page 6 Of 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Too much of a good thing? A landscape-of-fear analysis for collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) reveals hikers act as a greater deterrent than thorny or bitter food

Bleicher

Rosenzweig

2018

Can. J. Zool.

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To study how wildlife perceive recreational users, we studied the habitat selection of a human commensalist, the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758)). We measured peccary activity patterns in a high-human-activity area (Tumamoc Hill Desert Laboratory in Tucson, Arizona) using a landscape of fear analysis. We examined whether the perception of risk from human activity interacted with the anti-predator mechanisms of local plant species, in both chemical (tannin) and mechanical (thorns). The peccaries avoided food stations near a hiking trail. The population foraged less near houses, i.e. moderate human activity, than in the perceived safety of a small wadi. Plant defense treatments impacted the harvesting of food only in the safe zone, suggesting that risk trumps food selectivity. The strong effect of the hiking trail on habitat selection in this disturbance-loving species is an indicator of a much larger impact on sensitive species in conservation areas.

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INTERPOPULATION DIFFERENCES IN TOLERANCE TO CREOSOTE BUSH RESIN IN DESERT WOODRATS (NEOTOMA LEPIDA)

Cited by 48 publications

References 45 publications

Ambient temperature influences tolerance to plant secondary compounds in a mammalian herbivore

Ambient temperature influences tolerance to plant secondary compounds in a mammalian herbivore

Nutritional and Digestive Challenges to Being a Gum-Feeding Primate

Too much of a good thing? A landscape-of-fear analysis for collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) reveals hikers act as a greater deterrent than thorny or bitter food

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