Interpositus and fastigial unit activity during sleep and waking in the cat

Palmer, Claire L.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(79)90137-8

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…One potentially significant difference is that the CN neurons show spontaneous burst firing patterns more often under anesthesia than in awake animals. However, such patterns do occur spontaneously in non-anesthetized animals (Steriade et al, 1971; Palmer, 1979), and frequently during behavior (Thach, 1968; Grimm and Rushmer, 1974; Armstrong and Edgley, 1984a; Fuchs et al, 1993). Moreover, similar effects of CS activity were observed for both burst and tonic firing CN neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Action of the Olivocerebellar System on Cerebellar Nuclear Spike Activity

Blenkinsop¹,

Lang²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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Cerebellar output is necessary for the ideal implementation of many nervous system functions, particularly motor coordination. A key step toward understanding the generation of this output is characterizing the factors that shape the activity of the cerebellar nuclei (CN). There are four major sources of synaptic input that modulate CN activity; collaterals of climbing and mossy fibers are two, and the remaining two are provided by Purkinje cell (PC) axons in the form of simple spikes (SSs) and complex spikes (CSs). Most hypotheses of cerebellar function focus on SSs as the primary determinant of CN activity. However, it is likely that CSs also cause significant direct effects on CN activity, something that is rarely considered. To explore this possibility we recorded from synaptically-connected PC-CN neuron cell pairs in rats. Crosscorrelograms of CS and CN activity from such recordings demonstrate that spontaneous CSs have a strong inhibitory effect on CN activity, apparently sufficient in some cases to trigger changes in the intrinsic excitability of the CN neuron that long outlast the underlying CS-mediated GABAergic IPSP. Furthermore, many CS-CN correlograms show an initial excitatory response, demonstrating the ability of climbing fiber collaterals to significantly excite CN neurons. A substantial fraction (24%) of correlograms displayed an excitation-inhibition sequence, providing evidence that a CN neuron often receives collaterals from the same olivocerebellar axons as innervate the PCs projecting to it. Thus, excitation followed by inhibition appears to be a hard-wired response pattern of many CN neurons to olivocerebellar activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Action of the Olivocerebellar System on Cerebellar Nuclear Spike Activity

Blenkinsop¹,

Lang²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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“…In at least two studies, oscillation frequencies have been shown to be different in the cerebellum between sleep and waking states (Kaplan, 1981, Pellerin and Lamarre, 1997). When single unit activity was recorded from the deep cerebellar nuclei in unanesthetized, chronically implanted cats during successive sleep-wake cycles, changes in firing rate and burst activity were found during SWS (Steriade et al, 1971a, b, Palmer, 1979). Nevertheless, Armstrong and colleagues found active responses in DCN neurons to cutaneous stimulation in both anesthetized and awake cats (Armstrong et al, 1973, Armstrong and Rawson, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortico-cerebellar coherence and causal connectivity during slow-wave activity

2010

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Cerebral cortical slow-wave activity (SWA) is prominent during sleep and also during ketamineinduced anesthesia. SWA in EEG recordings is closely linked to prominent fluctuations between upand down-states in the membrane potential of pyramidal neurons. However, little is known about how the cerebellum is linked into SWA and whether slow oscillations influence sensory cerebellar responses. To examine these issues, we simultaneously recorded EEG from the cerebral cortex (SI, MI, and SMA), local field potentials at the input stage of cerebellar processing in the cerebellar granule cell layer (GCL) and inferior olive (IO), and single unit activity at the output stage of the cerebellum in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). We found that in ketamine-anesthetized rats, SWA was synchronized between all recorded cortical areas and was phase locked with local field potentials of the GCL, IO, and single unit activity in the DCN. We found that cortical up-states are linked to activation of GCL neurons but to inhibition of cerebellar output from the DCN, with the latter an effect likely mediated by Purkinje cells. A partial coherence analysis showed further that a large portion of SWA shared between GCL and DCN was transmitted from the cortex, since the coherence shared between GCL and DCN was diminished when the effect of cortical activity was subtracted. To determine the causal flow of information between structures, a directed transfer function was calculated between the simultaneous activities of SI, MI, SMA, GCL and DCN. This analysis showed that the primary direction of information flow was from cortex to the cerebellum, and that SI had a stronger influence than other cortical areas on DCN activity. The strong functional connectivity with SI in particular is in agreement with previous findings of a strong cortical component in cerebellar sensory responses. KeywordsRat; Deep Cerebellar Nuclei; Cerebral Cortex; Single Unit Activity; Local Field Potential; Directed Transfer Function Coherence between the cerebellar and cerebral SI cortices has been demonstrated in awake animals at frequencies of 10-25 Hz during both motor expectancy in primates (Courtemanche and Lamarre, 2005) and active whisking in rats (O'Connor et al., 2002). Coherence in this frequency band has also been observed between DCN unit activity and MI cortex during a grip Corresponding Author: Dieter Jaeger, Emory University, Dept. of Biology, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, djaeger@emory.edu, phone: 404-727-8139, fax: 404-727-2880. Section Editor: Systems Neuroscience: Dr. Minoru Kimura Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers...

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“…& Rawson, 1979a; 39 i.p.s. : Palmer, 1979) and in monkeys (e.g. majority of mixed sample of IPNs and dentate neurones discharge in the range 30-50 i.p.s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of activity evoked in cerebellar interpositus nuclear neurones by natural somatosensory stimuli in awake cats

Cody

Moore

Richardson

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Stable extracellular unitary recordings were made from 138 cerebellar interpositus nuclear neurones (IPNs) in awake cats. Mean background discharge, in animals in a state of relaxed wakefulness and in the absence of overt movement, was 41P0 + 2-6 impulses/sec (mean + S.E.M).2. Animals were trained to accept a variety of sensory testing procedures without producing detectable motor reactions. Mechanical taps (1 mm amplitude; 20 msec overall duration) applied to the main pads or dorsal surfaces of the forepaws and/or hind paws modified discharge in forty-eight of 110 IPNs tested. Response patterns to taps generally comprised one or more of three basic components, namely:short-latency excitation, el, at onset latencies of 13-0+0-9msec (mean+s.E.M.) for ipsilateral forepaw (iF) and 17-0+007 msec for ipsilateral hind paw (iH); a period of reduced discharge, at latencies 25-6 + 2-6 msec for iF and 32-3 + 2-1 msec for iH; a delayed acceleration of discharge, e2, at latencies 47*4 + 4-6 msec for iF and 46-4 + 41 msec for iH. The component el was the most common (present in 80 % of responses) and e2 the least common (present in 18 % of responses). 5. Approximately one third ofIPNs so tested were sensitive to passive manipulation of limb joints in the quiet, awake cat. Sixteen of the forty-three IPNs so tested responded to displacement of the ipsilateral wrist and/or elbow joints and three of ten IPNs so tested responded to movement of contralateral forepaw joints. Corresponding proportions of IPNs responding to passive ankle and/or knee joint displacements were sixteen of thirty-six units tested and three of three units tested for ipsilateral and contralateral hind paws respectively. Convergence of input generated by manipulation of iF and iH joints on to individual IPNs was apparent in only three of twenty-four units tested at each site.

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Interpositus and fastigial unit activity during sleep and waking in the cat

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Synaptic Action of the Olivocerebellar System on Cerebellar Nuclear Spike Activity

Synaptic Action of the Olivocerebellar System on Cerebellar Nuclear Spike Activity

Cortico-cerebellar coherence and causal connectivity during slow-wave activity

Patterns of activity evoked in cerebellar interpositus nuclear neurones by natural somatosensory stimuli in awake cats

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