Interpretation and Perception of Two Different Kumite Fighting Intensities through an Integrated Approach Training in International Level Karatekas: An Exploratory Study

Abstract

"Small sided games," used effectively in many team sports as a form of training, can be mimicked in combat sports by fighting at different subjective intensities, based on adjectives proposed by coaches. This approach could aim at improving aerobic performance by using specific techniques. Nevertheless, an adequate perception of intensity is crucial. The aim of the study was to verify the ability of karatekas to interpret and perceive two different intensities during this integrated approach. Ten international level karatekas (M age = 18 yr., SD = 3, range = 16-25) were asked to fight four matches (2 min. each) either at low or highest intensity. Physiological (heart rate, blood lactate) and perceptual (perceived effort) responses were different between intensities. However, physiological responses at low intensity were higher than expected and did not match effort perception. This could be attributable to the presence of an opponent, which probably raised the level of effort through a competitive component. At the highest intensity, physiological responses were similar to official competitions and other specific training protocols, whereas perceptual responses were higher than values found in literature.

Physiological and technical commitment during a 300-m in-line skating trial in athletes of different age categories

“…Experienced athletes likely had the capacity to choose the most effective technique in the different phases of the race based on a previous knowledge of their own abilities. [25][26][27][28] Correlations As previously exposed, when participants' results were pooled, a large negative correlation (r=-0.707) was found between SJ and Ttot. These results confirm the importance of lower limb strength in successful skating propulsion, as previously reported.…”

Home Advantage in Judo: Analysis by the Combat Phase, Penalties and the Type of Attack

“…The protocol followed previous reports, which included the approach (Invernizzi et al, 2015), gripping (Miarka et al, 2014), attack (with and without a score) (Lech et al, 2015), defense ( taesabaki ) (Calmet, 2007), groundwork combat (Miarka et al, 2014), pause and penalties (by the athlete or by the opponent) (Escobar-Molina et al, 2014). The approach phase was defined by the time between the signal from the referee announcing the beginning of combat ( “hajime” ) and the execution of the grip ( kumi-kata ).…”