Interpretation of Groundwater Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Technique in Moradabad City, Western Uttar Pradesh State, India

Abstract

Groundwater samples from Moradabad city were analyzed for chemical parameters. For present study 58 water samples were collected from different localities on the basis of various land use patterns. The higher values of most of the parameters were found in the area of old settlement, while lower values observed in new settlements. This shows clear impact of land use on groundwater. Water quality data collected from different localities are used in conjunction with multivariate statistical technique to identify key variables. The first four components were chosen for interpretation of the data, which accounts for 77.38% of the total variance in the data set. The maximum number of variables, i.e. Cl, Na, TH, TDS, EC and salinity were characterized by first component, while second component is characterized by DO and Mg. The third and fourth components were characterized by Ca, SiO 2 HCO 3 and K respectively. This shows that hydrochemical constituents of the groundwater are mainly controlled by TDS and EC. For cluster analysis single linkage method was used. The findings of the cluster analysis are presented in the form of dendrogram of the sampling stations (cases) as well as hydrochemical variables, which produced four major groupings, suggests that groundwater monitoring can be consolidated.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality along the Cooum River, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

“…The conductivity shows a significant correlation with the other parameters, like TDS, BOD, COD, Na, Pb with ( > 0.7610) and ( > 0.821) during the pre-and postmonsoon seasons except the pH. The correlation between the pH and Na ( > 0.278) and ( > 0.333) during the pre-and postmonsoons indicates the level of bicarbonate and carbonate of sodium in the Groundwater samples, and hence, the presence of alkanity of the water [21]. The BOD and COD shows a good correlation with ( > 0.668) and ( > 0.676) during pre-and postmonsoons.…”

Groundwater quality issues and management in Ramganga Sub-Basin

“…Groundwater with high salinity is generally not advisable for industrial sector. Pathak et al (2008) also reported that TDS is high in most of the groundwater samples collected from the Moradabad city and exceeds the limit ([500 mg/l) set by WHO (2011) and BIS (2012).…”

“…Based on this classification, the groundwater samples in the RSB can be classified into soft (9.7 %), moderately hard (14.8 %), hard (47.5 %) and very hard (28 %) classes. Pathak et al (2008) reported that groundwater hardness in Moradabad city varies from 136 to 836 mg/l and 48 % of samples show TH [ 300 mg/l. In the upstream districts, the average TH is less than or equal to 150 mg/l (Table 1; Fig.…”

Geochemistry and multivariate statistical evaluation of major oxides, trace and rare earth elements in coal occurrences and deposits around Kogi east, Northern Anambra Basin, Nigeria

“…Factor analysis through a linear dependence model constructed in an abstract space called factor score space was used. It searches for correlations among measured variables that characterized a set of geochemical data (Pathak et al 2008). Factor analysis reduces space dimensionality to obtain a better grouping of variables and determine relations between major components and variables analysed (Ameh et al 2014).…”