Interpretation of positive serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy.

Adeoba, A

doi:10.1136/sti.43.4.249

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There was little difference between the rates of BFP reactions, 232-3 per 100,000 in Glasgow and 220-0 per 100,000 in Bristol. The rate of BFP reactions reported by Adeoba (1967) was higher (254-5 per 100,000), but he used only the Kahn test and WR as screening tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.

Schofield¹

1973

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.

Schofield¹

1973

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…False positive serological tests for syphilis were found in 2 (5-4%) patients. However Adeoba (1967) found 8-8% biological false positive reactors in a study of 920 females in Lagos. Our impression is therefore that laboratory abnormalities in our African patients with cdLE are less frequent than those found in series from other continents.…”

Section: Clinical Coursementioning

confidence: 95%

Discoid lupus erythematosus in the Nigerians

Jacyk

Damisah

1979

Br J Dermatol

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Results of a detailed clinical and laboratory study of 37 Nigerian patients with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus are presented. Patients with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus constituted 0.46% of all out-patients seen in the skin clinic between May 1974 and December 1977. A preponderance of females was noticed (female/male ratio of 5:1), while the age distribution of African patients corresponded to values characteristic for the condition seen in other geographical regions. Several morphological types of the condition have been seen. The vitiligoid variant of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus seems to be common in West Africans. Sixteen out of 37 patients presented laboratory abnormalities considered as markers of the association between chronic and systemic lupus erythematosus. Their significance, however is, uncertain as it has been demonstrated on several occasions that in a tropical milieu heavy parasitic infections produce marked immunological disturbances. The problem of the relationship between chronic and systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed and the literature on the incidence of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus in various African countries is reviewed.

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“…Gonorrhea actually means 'flow of semen' [367] Survives being frozen in semen used for artificial insemination [368] Many anti-gonococcal antibodies also present [369] Same strains in urine and semen; likely origin in urethra [370] Treponema pallidum (syphilis) Infectivity of semen [371] More than half (twelve out of twenty) of the women classified [372] as proved and probably syphilitic had mild to moderate PE Co-infection of syphilis and HIV in men having sex with men [373] Both syphilis and preeclampsia contribute to stillbirths in sub-Saharan Africa [374] Notwithstanding the difficulties of measurement [375], there is, in particular, a considerable literature on fertility [376], since infertile males tend to donate sperm for assay in fertility clinics, and infection is a common cause of infertility (e.g. [353] and Table 4).…”

Section: Neissseria Gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhoea)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father¹

Kenny

Kell

2017

Preprint

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Although it is widely recognised as involving two stages (poor placentation followed by oxidative stress/inflammation), the precise originating causes of pre-eclampsia (PE) remain elusive. We have previously brought together some of the considerable evidence that a (dormant) microbial component is commonly a significant part of its aetiology. However, apart from recognising, consistent with this view, that the many inflammatory markers of PE are also increased in infection, we had little to say about immunity, whether innate or adaptive. In addition, we focussed on the gut, oral and female urinary tract microbiomes as the main sources of the infection. We here marshall further evidence for an infectious component in PE, focussing on the immunological tolerance characteristic of pregnancy, and the well-established fact that increased exposure to the father’s semen assists this immunological tolerance. As well as these benefits, however, semen is not sterile, microbial tolerance mechanisms may exist, and we also review the evidence that semen may be responsible for inoculating the developing conceptus with microbes, not all of which are benign. It is suggested that when they are not, this may be a significant cause of preeclampsia. A variety of epidemiological and other evidence is entirely consistent with this, not least correlations between semen infection, infertility and PE. Our view also leads to a series of other, testable predictions. Overall, we argue for a significant paternal role in the development of PE through microbial infection of the mother via insemination. “In one of the last articles which he wrote, the late Professor F J Browne (1958) expressed the opinion that all the essential facts about pregnancy toxaemia are now available and that all that is required to solve the problem is to fit them together in the right order, like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle” [1]“It appears astonishing how little attention has been given in reproductive medicine to the maternal immune system over the last few decades.” [2]

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Interpretation of positive serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy.

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.

Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.

Discoid lupus erythematosus in the Nigerians

Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father¹

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Interpretation of positive serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy.

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.

Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.

Discoid lupus erythematosus in the Nigerians

Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father1

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Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father¹