Interrelationship between bone turnover markers and dietary calcium intake in pregnant women: a longitudinal study

Zeni, Susana Noemí; Soler, Carlos R Ortela; Lazzari, A; López, Laura Gallego; Suarez, Marisa C.; Gregorio, Silvana Di; Somoza, J.; Portela, María Luz Pita Martín de

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(03)00203-5

“…As reported [15], maternal calcium levels of all the three gestation stages in the present study were found slightly but significantly lower than controls but no difference among themselves, although some studies found that the serum calcium level did not change throughout pregnancy [18,19]. Calcium exists in blood in three forms-ionic, protein bound, and complexed in physiological equilibrium with one another and varied depending on the physiological, biochemical, and pathological variations [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Blood Copper, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium Levels During Different Duration of Pregnancy in Chinese

Liu

¹

,

Yang

²

,

Shi

³

et al. 2009

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Concentrations of various trace elements are altered during pregnancy with changes in the mother's physiology and the requirements of growing fetus. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to learn the changes of trace element copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) of normal pregnant woman during different durations of pregnancy and establish the reference values of changes of statistical significance. Blood samples were obtained from 128 normal pregnant women during early (10-14th week), mid (20-24th week), and late (30-34th week) pregnancy and 6-12th week postpartum and 120 healthy unpregnant healthy women. The full blood concentrations of chosen elements were measured by means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Changes on levels of Cu, Ca, and Mg during all the three durations of pregnancy and Zn during mid and late pregnancy and postpartum were of statistical significance and new reference values of them were set in the present study. These new reference values will be helpful in assessing the health status of pregnant women with a socioeconomic and racial background similar to those of our study participants and give treatments to them promptly.

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“…As reported, maternal calcium levels of all the three gestation stages in the present study were found no difference among themselves, although some studies found that the serum calcium level did not change during the pregnancy [8,9]. As mentioned above, the level of calcium during all the trimesters was constant whereas due to the plasma dilation, a decline in the level of the calcium was expected but we could not get the predicted result.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Serum Level of Some Minerals during Three Trimesters of Pregnancy in Iranian Women and Their Newborns: A Longitudinal Study

Tabrizi

¹

,

Pakdel

²

2013

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Concentrations of various trace elements are altered during pregnancy with changes in the mother's physiology and the requirements of growing fetus. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to learn the changes of micronutrients Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) Magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) of pregnant woman and their relations with newborns levels. Serum levels of iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and copper of 162 pregnant women and their newborns were determined by an inductively couple plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). The results showed that majority (41 %) of pregnant women were in age group 26-36 years 55 % had high school and diploma levels of education and the total income ranged between 3 and 5 Rials million per month There was significant difference in iron levels during first, second and third trimesters, 76.0 ± 17.8, 63.5 ± 15.2 and 70.1 ± 14.4 lg/dl respectively. Significant difference was shown in zinc levels 79.5 ± 15, 74.5 ± 16.1, and 65.3 ± 14.9 lg/dl during three trimesters. Copper levels during pregnancy were significantly different (130.9 ± 43.5, 172.0 ± 38.94, 193.2 ± 28.5 lg/dl. The serum levels of calcium and magnesium during pregnancy were constant (Ca: 8.96 ± 0.48, 8.86 ± 0.47, 8.91 ± 0.42 mg/dl and Mg: 2.10 ± 0.21, 2.08 ± 0.28, 2.09 ± 0.29 mg/dl). Results showed that 13 % of pregnant women had hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia. Thirty eight percent and 42 % of pregnant women had iron and zinc deficiency respectively. In this study, unlike zinc, no pregnant women were found deficient in serum copper levels. Calcium, iron, zinc, copper and magnesium levels in the newborn's cord blood were 8.93 ± 0.43, 106.0 ± 26.1, 85.35 ± 16.6, 57.04 ± 13.8 and 1.99 ± 0.27 mg/dl respectively. In the present study the levels of iron and zinc in cord blood were higher than the levels of iron and zinc in maternal serum. The mean level of copper in cord blood serum in the current study was lower than maternal values. The mean serum calcium and magnesium in the serum cord blood and in the serum of the pregnant women were similar.

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“…Vitamin D metabolites. Maternal serum 1.25(OH) 2 D levels increase, whereas serum 25OHD levels or 24,25(OH) 2 D levels do not, as reported by 11 longitudinal studies, 2 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and 17 crosssectional studies; of these, 24 are included in a recent meta-analysis (102), and 6 are not (35,67,100,116,140,144). Only one crosssectional study conducted in pregnant Nigerian adolescents does not report an increase in serum 1,25(OH) 2 D levels compared to nonpregnant controls (116).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Lactation in Humans

Brannon

¹

,

Picciano

²

2011

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Concerns exist about the adequacy of vitamin D in pregnant and lactating women. This review assesses the evidence that maternal vitamin D status influences maternal, fetal, and breast-fed infant bone health; maternal adverse outcomes (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, obstructed labor, and infectious disease); fetal adverse outcomes (growth, gestational age, and developmental programming); and infant adverse outcomes. The evidence for all of these outcomes is contradictory (except for maternal infectious disease) and lacking causality; thus, it is inconclusive. The 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin D and their implications for assessing vitamin D status are discussed. An estimated 5% to 29% of American pregnant women may have inadequate vitamin D status, with the higher prevalence in African Americans. Little is known about the prevalence of inadequacy in American lactating women. Research needs are also identified, especially the need for rigorous and well-designed randomized clinical trials to determine the role of vitamin D in nonbone health outcomes in pregnancy and lactation.

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Interrelationship between bone turnover markers and dietary calcium intake in pregnant women: a longitudinal study

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Blood Copper, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium Levels During Different Duration of Pregnancy in Chinese

Blood Copper, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium Levels During Different Duration of Pregnancy in Chinese

Serum Level of Some Minerals during Three Trimesters of Pregnancy in Iranian Women and Their Newborns: A Longitudinal Study

Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Lactation in Humans

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