Interrelationships of Blood and Hair Mercury Concentrations in a North American Population Exposed to Methylmercury

Phelps, Robert W.; Clarkson, Thomas W.; Kershaw, Thomas G.; Wheatley, Brian

doi:10.1080/00039896.1980.10667486

Cited by 202 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Em 12 adultos, grandes consumidores de peixes, encontrou a concentração média de 35,06 mg/g. Phelps e col. 16 verificaram entre indígenas canadenses, grandes consumidores de peixe contaminado com metilmercúrio, a concentração média de 13,8 ± 3,6 mg/g de mercúrio total em cabelo.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Teores de chumbo e mercúrio em cabelo de crianças residentes em Cubatão, na região sudeste do Brasil

et al. 1993

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Mais recentemente, estudo de contaminação da biota aquática da bacia do rio Cubatão, realizado pela CETESB 6 , verificou que os peixes e outros organismos aquáticos estão impróprios ao consumo humano devido à presença de altos teores de chumbo com cerca de 50% das amostras de musculatura (parte comestível), apresentando teores acima dos limites permissíveis de 0,5 mg/g. O mercúrio foi encontrado em 5,6% das amostras de musculatura dos peixes em níveis superiores aos valores permissíveis de 0,5 mg/g. 6 O maior teor de mercúrio encontrado nos peixes foi de 0,9 mg/g.Dentre os vários tipos de amostras biológicas, o cabelo tem sido reconhecido como acumulador de metais pesados em suas fibras e pode ser usado como um excelente indicador de envenenamento agudo por esses metais 1,9,15 .

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Teores de chumbo e mercúrio em cabelo de crianças residentes em Cubatão, na região sudeste do Brasil

et al. 1993

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“…The mercury concentration in hair (microgram Hg/g hair) is proportionally higher than the blood mercury concentration (microgram Hg/L blood) by 250-300 times 28,29) . Mercury is included in a hair strand from the very beginning of the hair's growth, and is retained for the life of the strand.…”

Section: Methylmercury Poisoning In Iraqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scalp hair is also a good indicator for estimating methylmercury exposure 28) . Methylmercury is incorporated into scalp hair at the hair follicle in proportion to its content in blood.…”

Section: Exposure Markers For Methylmercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational and Environmental Toxicology of Mercury and Its Compounds.

Satoh

2000

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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Mercury exists in various chemical forms. The important forms from a toxicological viewpoint are the metallic form, also called the elemental form, the divalent inorganic forms and methylmercury compounds. Elemental (Hg 0 ) mercury has a high vapor pressure and the vapor causes a number of cases of poisoning via inhalation. Classical mercury poisoning is characterized by a triad of signs, namely tremors, erethism and gingivitis. Mercurial erethism, which is characterized by behavioral and personality changes such as extreme shyness, excitability, loss of memory, and insomnia are also observed. Recently, the effects of mercury exposure at levels around 0.05 mg/m 3 or lower have been of concern and may include minor renal tubular damage, increased complaints of tiredness, memory disturbance and other symptoms, subclinical finger tremor, abnormal EEG by computerized analysis and impaired performance in neurobehavioral or neuropsychological tests. Abnormal gait, dysarthria, ataxia, deafness and constriction of the visual field are typical of the symptoms of methylmercury poisoning observed in Minamata and Iraqi outbreaks, as well as in occupational methylmercury poisoning cases. Furthermore, an infant born to a mother with excessive methylmercury consumption showed various neurological disturbances and delayed development. Since several populations are believed to be still exposed to methylmercury through the consumption of fish and sea mammals, neurobehavioral deviations in children of these populations have recently been investigated.

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“…Measurements of total mercury and methylmercury levels in blood and hair are both used to characterize exposures from fish (Haxton et al, 1979;Sherlock et al, 1982;Airey, 1983;Suzuki, 1988;Oskarsson et al, 1990;ATSDR, 1995). Under steady dietary conditions, blood and hair may be used to predict possible health effects of methylmercury exposure since the concentrations are directly proportional to the levels of methylmercury that occur in the brain (Phelps et al, 1980;Cernichiari et al, 1995a). Studies wih methylmercury labeled with radioactive 203 Hg have shown that methylmercury is nearly all absorbed from the diet, is distributed throughout the body within a few hours, and attains peak blood levels within 4 ±14 hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once formed, the hair strand grows at a rate of approximately 1 cm /month, providing a record of previous mercury exposures that remains unchanged for periods up to at least 11 years (Suzuki, 1991). Approximately 80% of the mercury present in the strand is methylmercury (Phelps et al, 1980;Cernichiari et al, 1995b). Although both hair and blood samples can be used to document methylmercury exposure, hair-strand analysis is preferred because it provides a simple, noninvasive sampling procedure that allows monitoring of methylmercury intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mercury in hair of EPA Region V population

Pellizzari

Fernando

Cramer

et al. 1999

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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A scoping study, the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) was conducted in EPA Region V from July 1995 to May 1997. This probability-based population study provided an opportunity to examine the mercury levels in 182 participants who provided hair samples. A sensitive analytical procedure based on atomic fluorescence spectrometry was developed and evaluated for the analysis of Hg in approximately 5 mg of human hair. The correlation coefficient (r), the precision, and bias were 0.9983, 1.6%, and 8%, respectively, for standard curves in the hair matrix. The method detection limit (MDL), recovery of Hg in a certified sample (NIES-13), precision (% RSD) for duplicate extract analysis, and precision for duplicate sample analysis averaged 12 ppb (range 4 to 22 ppb), 100 3% (N =27), 4.6 2.8 (N =18), and 12.5 7.4 (N =17), respectively, over the 7 to 8 months of sample analysis. The low MDL yielded 95% of the samples with measurable values, permitting the entire distribution of Hg levels to be characterized. Comparison of annualized Hg distribution in hair with and without background correction revealed a negligible bias on the distribution (1.47% at the 90th percentile). Also, a comparison of the unweighted and nonannualized weighted Hg levels throughout the percentile distribution indicated a small deviation in the upper tail (95th percentile) and is attributable to the small sample size (N =182). The mean, median, and maximum of the annualized Hg levels in hair were 287, 204, and 3505 ppb, respectively. The 75th percentiles were 335 and 368 ppb for the weighted annualized and unweighted distributions, respectively. The percent of individuals in three age categories (0 ±24, 25 ± 49, and 50 years and older) who exceeded the 75th percentile showed a linear increase with age. Males (N =81) had 10% and 20% lower mean levels than females (N =101) for unweighted and annualized weighted Hg data, respectively. The application of this methodology for characterizing hair Hg levels in fish-eating populations is discussed.

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Interrelationships of Blood and Hair Mercury Concentrations in a North American Population Exposed to Methylmercury

Cited by 202 publications

References 4 publications

Teores de chumbo e mercúrio em cabelo de crianças residentes em Cubatão, na região sudeste do Brasil

Teores de chumbo e mercúrio em cabelo de crianças residentes em Cubatão, na região sudeste do Brasil

Occupational and Environmental Toxicology of Mercury and Its Compounds.

Analysis of mercury in hair of EPA Region V population

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