Interrelationships of nutrients: Chairman's opening remarks

Munro, Hamish N.

doi:10.1079/pns19640003

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition to the proteinsparing action of carbohydrate outlined above, dietary carbohydrate has a specific effect on protein metabolism not shared with fat. This has been revealed by shortterm experiments with animals, or in man, in which the isocaloric replacement of dietary carbohydrate by fat has led to a decrease in nitrogen balance (see Munro, 1964). This effect has been observed also in experiments on the effects of shock on nitrogen balance, again both experimentally and in human subjects suffering accidental or surgical trauma (Cuthbertson, 1960;Kinney, 1962).…”

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…At the same time high growth-hormone-low insulin concentrations favour lipolysis and the release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) as sources of energy for peripheral tissue. Rising NEFA levels will also inhibit the uptake of glucose by muscle, and may indeed be the immediate cause of the hormonal inhibition of glucose uptake (Randle, Garland, Hales & Newsholme, These recent findings, in regard to changes in hormonal concentrations in relation to blood glucose levels, explain why the specific action of glucose on protein metabolism is observed only when carbohydrate and protein are eaten in the same meal (Munro, 1964). Furthermore, the timing of the meals themselves has been shown to be of considerable importance in the utilization of food (Cohn & Joseph, 1960;Gwinup, Byron, Roush, Kruger & Hamwi, 1963).…”

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rat, in which the latter effects are relatively smaller than in man (Munro, 1964), a difference in endocrine effect on nitrogen balance as between starch and glucose may be difficult to demonstrate.…”

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T h e evidence for these two actions of carbohydrate on protein metabolism has been fully documented and discussed by Munro (1964). T o distinguish between them it is proposed to refer to the 'carbohydrate-energy effect' and the 'carbohydrateendocrine effect'.…”

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This, however, would have restricted discussion to a field which has already been reviewed by specialists, both in its biochemical (Munro, 1964) and nutritional (Miller & Payne, 1964) aspects. Conversely a paper on 'Carbohydrate metabolism and protein' might have borne too close a resemblance to another paper (Blaxter, 1964) given at last year's Symposium on the 'Interrelationships of Nutrients' ((The) Nutrition Society, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrates and protein

Heard

1964

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Carbohydrates and protein

Heard

1964

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Protein-energy interrelationships in growth and lactation of cattle and sheep

Broster¹

1973

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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IntroductionFlexibility is needed in planning rations for livestock to meet the fluctuations in the economic situation, highlighted for instance by the recent scarcity and high price of protein-rich foods. Tables of requirements tend to treat protein and energy separately, whereas their joint effects on production are becoming more apparent. The 'requirements' concept could with advantage include that of 'responses', i.e. change in output with change in input of either protein or energy or both, The Agricultural Research Council (1965) made some progress in this direction, but a thorough-going analysis of the independent and joint effects of protein and energy intakes on production is still lacking. This paper sketches some of the main relationships involved.The level of energy intake affects protein utilization in the monogastric animal (Munro, 1964), and Miller & Payne (1964) distinguished three types of response curve: response to (a) increment of food at constant protein: energy ratio, (b) additional protein at constant energy intake and (c) additional energy at constant protein intake. A similar approach is required for the ruminant. Type (a) responses constitute broadly the total plane of nutrition effects and are of considerable agricultural interest (Thomson & Aitken, 1959, for sheep; Allden, 1970, for young stock generally; Broster, 1972a, for lactating cows), but a wide range of independent variation of protein and energy intakes (type (b) and (c) responses) is necessary to analyse fully protein-energy interrelationships.

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Some effects of shading and of nitrogen fertiliser on the chemical composition of freeze-dried and oven-dried herbage, and on the nutritive value of oven-dried herbage fed to sheep

Hight¹,

Sinclair²,

Lancaster³

1968

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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1968) Some effects of shading and of nitrogen fertiliser on the chemical composition of freezedried and oven-dried herbage, and on the nutritive value of oven-dried herbage fed to sheep, ABSTRACT An experiment is described in which the nutritive value and chemical composition of oven-dried herbage from shaded perennial ryegrass pasture (SR) were compared with those of unshaded ryegrass (R), shaded + nitrogen-fertilised (SR + N), and unshaded + nitrogenfertilised (R + N) ryegrass herbage, and with those of white clover (C).Higher f"od intakes and live weight gains were found with C herbage than with the ryegrass herbage (SR, R, SR + N, R + N = P), and with un shaded than with shaded herbage. Application of nitrogen fertiliser prior to harvesting did not affect live weight or food intake.A higher D.M. digestibility was found for C than for P herbage, and. in the second trial "nly, a higher digestibility was evident for unshaded than for shaded, and for nitrogen than for no nitrogen treatments.A higher proportion of soluble carbohydrate and lignin, but lower hemicellulose and cellulose content, were found in dried C than in P herbage. Shading perennial ryegrass pastures reduced the proportion of soluble carbohydrate and increased the proportion of cellulose and lignin. Nitrogen fertiliser reduced the proportion of cellulose and lignin in dried herbage. Freeze-dried herbage had a higher soluble carbohydrate, but lower insoluble carbohydrate, content than ovendried herbage.

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Interrelationships of nutrients: Chairman's opening remarks

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Carbohydrates and protein

Carbohydrates and protein

Protein-energy interrelationships in growth and lactation of cattle and sheep

Some effects of shading and of nitrogen fertiliser on the chemical composition of freeze-dried and oven-dried herbage, and on the nutritive value of oven-dried herbage fed to sheep

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