Intersexes

McEntee, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-483375-3.50008-1

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…Precursor cells within the female rete ovarii and hilar Leydig cells may differentiate into interstitial cells and the ovarian stroma can, less commonly, also be a source of interstitial cells for male-type neoplasms (Scully 1977). Ovarian interstitial cell tumours are considered rare in all species (Gilbert and others 2006) but cases have been reported in humans, horses, cattle, cats, dogs, alpacas and a seal lion (Stabenfeldt and others 1979, Gelberg and Mcentee 1985, McEntee 1990, Gilbert and others 2006, Biancani and others 2010, Cho and others 2012). Some debate still remains whether ovarian tumours that resemble testicular tumours of the Sertoli cell and Leydig cell types are, in fact, consisting of Sertoli and Leydig cells or whether the ovarian stromal cells are only growing in patterns of their testicular homologues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex cord-stromal (gonadostromal) tumours are a heterogeneous group of benign or malignant neoplasms that include granulosa cell tumours, interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours, thecomas and sertoli cell tumours (McEntee 1990). Interstitial cell tumours are well documented in the testicle of domestic, laboratory and exotic animal species, whereas the neoplasm infrequently arises in the ovary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ovarian interstitial cell tumour in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Kubiak

Jayson

Denk

2015

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 22-month-old female Mongolian gerbil presented with palpable cranial abdominal masses. At initial presentation, no clinical signs were associated with the masses and the owner elected to monitor the gerbils’ condition. Abdominal distention developed over the following eight months and was progressively associated with altered demeanour, reduced mobility and increased respiratory effort. An exploratory laparotomy identified left-sided ovarian masses and right-sided ovarian cysts. A bilateral ovariectomy was performed. No other changes were noted. Recovery from surgery was uneventful, but the gerbil died six weeks later. Histological findings were consistent with a unilateral ovarian interstitial cell tumour accompanied by contralateral ovarian cysts and interstitial cell hyperplasia. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of an ovarian interstitial cell tumour in a Mongolian gerbil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian interstitial cell tumour in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Kubiak

Jayson

Denk

2015

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…In adult cows, normal vaginal length is approximately 30 cm, while in mature freemartins it is only 8-10 cm. Other clinical findings are the presence of long and coarse vulval hair, like prepuce hair, increased ano-vulval distance, and an enlarged clitoris [Gregory et al, 1996], which is sometimes so enlarged that the animal spurts urine upward [McEntee, 1990]. Internal sex organs have been reported to vary from near normal to almost entirely masculine with testicle-like structures in place of ovaries [Marcum, 1974;Wilkes et al, 1981].…”

Section: Freemartinism In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

XX/XY Chimerism in Cattle: Clinical and Cytogenetic Studies

Peretti¹,

Ciotola

Albarella³

et al. 2008

Sex Dev

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The freemartin condition represents the most frequent form of intersexuality found in cattle, and occasionally in other species. Freemartinism arises when vascular connections occur between placentae of developing heterosexual twin foetuses, XX/XY chimerism develops, and ultimately there is masculinisation of the female tubular reproductive tract to varying degrees. The aim of this work was to report the clinical and cytogenetic studies performed in 28 cattle co-twins, 24 of which were cytogenetically chimeric (2n = 60, XX/XY), raised in the region of Campania (southern Italy). Clinical findings of the 16 freemartin females examined varied greatly, from a more female phenotype (normal body conformation with the presence of a blind-ending vagina and primordial ovarian and uterus structures) to a nearly male phenotype (body conformations with male traits and presence of primordial prepuce, penis and testicles). The 8 freemartin males, in spite of the presence of XX cells, had a normal body conformation and external genitalia and some of them were fertile. In addition to cytogenetic diagnosis we also verified chromosome fragility by testing for chromosome aberration (CA: aneuploidy, gaps, chromatid breaks, chromosome breaks and fragments) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Freemartins showed a higher percentage of aneuploid cells and significant statistical differences in mean values of gaps, chromatid breaks and chromosome breaks when compared with control animals. To our knowledge, this is the first time that chromosome instability has been evaluated by analyses of CA and SCE in freemartin cattle.

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“…The female genital tract is formed from the Mullerian ducts and urogenital sinus [9]. The hymen is formed by fusion of the Mullerian ducts and urogenital sinus, and in domestic animals disappears during the fetal period or after birth [4,5,9]. An imperforate hymen causes hydrocolpos, hydrometra and hydorosalpinx (also hemato-, respectively) [10].…”

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A Case of a Bitch with Imperforate Hymen and Hydrocolpos.

Tsumagari

Takagi

Takeishi

et al. 2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A 38-month-old female Golden retriever was presented with dysuria and dyschezia. It was difficult to visualize the vagina by vaginoscopy due to a cystic polyp on the hymen. The polyp was 2 × 3 cm in diameter, round, and pink in color. From clinical and imaging evaluations the original diagnosis was mucometra or pyometra. From endoscopic examination of the vagina an imperforate hymen was finally diagnosed. The ovaries, uterus, and half of the vagina were removed through a median abdominal incision. The vagina contained about 1.5 liters of fluid, but the uterus and ovaries appeared normal. This is a rare case with imperforate hymen and hydrocolpos with a polyp on the hymenal membrane in bitch. KEY WORDS: bitch, hydrocolpos, imperforate hymen.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(4): 475-477, 2001 Congenital abnormalities of the canine vagina and vulva are classified into six categories, including four vestibulovaginal ring strictures and two strictures in the vestibulovulvar area [12]. The female genital tract is formed from the Mullerian ducts and urogenital sinus [9]. The hymen is formed by fusion of the Mullerian ducts and urogenital sinus, and in domestic animals disappears during the fetal period or after birth [4,5,9]. An imperforate hymen causes hydrocolpos, hydrometra and hydorosalpinx (also hemato-, respectively) [10]. A similar accumulation of vaginal fluid is also caused from vaginal atresia and vaginal aplasia [10]. In the bitch and queen, there are a few reports of imperforate hymen [7,11] and vaginal atresia [2,7,13]. We report a Golden retriever bitch with imperforate hymen and hydrocolpos due to a polyp on the hymen, diagnosed by endoscopic examination.A 38-month-old female Golden retriever weighing 30 kg was presented to the Animal Medical Center, Nihon University, with dysuria and dyschezia. The dog had been treated successfully for vaginitis and cystic calculus at 3 months and 2 years of age, respectively. During estrus, 3 months prior to presentation, the owner noticed vulvar swelling (a normal estrous sign), but without proestrous bleeding.Physical examination revealed a normal bitch except for the cystic polyp in the vagina. Urinalysis revealed a pH 6, slight protein and occult blood, 20/hpf red blood cells and 8/ hpf white blood cells consisting mainly of neutrophils were observed in the urine sediment, and the urine specific gravity was 1.030. The size of the cystic polyp prevented full digital exploration of the cranial vagina, but no vulvar discharge was noted. Left lateral (Fig. 1-A) and ventrodorsal ( Fig. 1-B) radiographs of the abdomen revealed an extremely enlarged vagina (15 × 27 cm), initially diagnosed as the uterus, located above the urinary bladder and reaching to the posterior margin of the liver. On the ventrodorsal view, the cranial pole of the urinary bladder extended to the last rib, displaced toward the right side of the abdomen, with a very long proximal urethra. The vagina, which was thought to be a uterus simplex, displaced to the left side, occupied two-thirds of the abdom...

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Intersexes

Cited by 14 publications

References 165 publications

Ovarian interstitial cell tumour in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Ovarian interstitial cell tumour in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

XX/XY Chimerism in Cattle: Clinical and Cytogenetic Studies

A Case of a Bitch with Imperforate Hymen and Hydrocolpos.

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