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We live in a world in which “the body” is conceived as a malleable substance in a state of potential transition and, moreover, the vast majority of bodies are experienced as “wrong”: they have too few (or too many) limbs or digits; they (or parts of them) are the wrong size, the wrong age, the wrong color; they are “sexually ambiguous”; they bear the wrong ethnic markers; they inhibit particular identities and/or aspirations; they simply do not seem “right.” Surgery, then, becomes a way to put things right, to restore order. While the writing to date on modificatory surgeries is immensely varied, the vast majority is subtended by a conception of medical practices and procedures as technologies separate from the bodies they seek to modify. In this model, the body is a fleshly substrate that simply is prior to its enhancement or mutilation by the technologies that transform its original state. This article deploys the term somatechnics to think through the varied and complex ways in which bodily-being is always already shaped by technés—from, for example, the surgeon's knife to the discourses that justify and contest the use of such instruments. I argue, then, that the conceptions of, debates around, and questions about specific modificatory practices are themselves technologies that shape corporeality at the most profound level. In doing so I aim to make a critical intervention into, and open up new spaces for reflection in, existing debates about the somatechnics of intersexuality.
We live in a world in which “the body” is conceived as a malleable substance in a state of potential transition and, moreover, the vast majority of bodies are experienced as “wrong”: they have too few (or too many) limbs or digits; they (or parts of them) are the wrong size, the wrong age, the wrong color; they are “sexually ambiguous”; they bear the wrong ethnic markers; they inhibit particular identities and/or aspirations; they simply do not seem “right.” Surgery, then, becomes a way to put things right, to restore order. While the writing to date on modificatory surgeries is immensely varied, the vast majority is subtended by a conception of medical practices and procedures as technologies separate from the bodies they seek to modify. In this model, the body is a fleshly substrate that simply is prior to its enhancement or mutilation by the technologies that transform its original state. This article deploys the term somatechnics to think through the varied and complex ways in which bodily-being is always already shaped by technés—from, for example, the surgeon's knife to the discourses that justify and contest the use of such instruments. I argue, then, that the conceptions of, debates around, and questions about specific modificatory practices are themselves technologies that shape corporeality at the most profound level. In doing so I aim to make a critical intervention into, and open up new spaces for reflection in, existing debates about the somatechnics of intersexuality.
Cinsiyet gelişim bozukluklarını/CGB (hermafroditizm/interseksüalite/hünsâlık) İslamî biyoetiğe göre inceleyen bu makale, merkeze İslam hukukunu konumlandırarak CGB’li bireyler için dü-zenlenen dinî normların ardında yatan etik değerleri yansıtmaktadır. Makale, İslam hukukunda erken dönemlerden itibaren cinsiyet gelişim bozukluklarıyla ilgili normlar düzenlenirken etik değerlerin de dikkate alındığını iddia eder. Bu bağlamda makalenin kategorizasyonunda tarihsel ayrım tercih edilerek klasik dönemlerden çağdaş dönemlere İslam hukukçularının cinsiyet gelişim bozuklukları konusunda dikkate aldıkları etik değerler vurgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak klasik İslam hukukunda cinsiyet gelişim bozukluklarına etik yaklaşımın daha çok insan onurunun gözetilmesi ve mahremiyetin korunması amacıyla olası psikolojik komplikasyonların engellenmesi bağlamında şekillendiği saptanmıştır. Zamanla yaşanan tıbbî gelişmeler, CGB’li bireylerin bedenlerinden karşı cinse ait dokuları uzaklaştırma imkanı tanıyınca İslamî etik değerlerde bir kırılma yaşanmıştır. Klasik dönemlerde, olası psikolojik komplikasyonların engellenmesi şeklinde gelişen etik yaklaşım, cinsiyet düzeltme operasyonlarının hükmü, helal olması halinde delilleri, dinî meşruiyet parametreleri ve aydınlatılmış onam doktrini gibi daha çok CGB için tıbbî bakım standartları geliştirmeye evrilmiştir.
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