Interspecific killing between wolves and golden jackals in Iran

Mohammadi, Alireza; Kaboli, Mohammad; López‐Bao, José Vicente

doi:10.1007/s10344-017-1124-3

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is possible that, in areas where apex predators such as Eurasian lynx are present, the golden jackal is able to consume leftovers from their hunted prey. Carcasses left by grey wolves are, however, unlikely to be used, as wolves actively drive golden jackals from their territories (Krofel et al 2017, Trbojević et al 2018), and there is a recorded case of a grey wolf killing a golden jackal (Mohammadi et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet composition of the golden jackal Canis aureus in south‐east Europe – a review

Lange

Lelieveld²,

Knegt

2021

Mammal Review

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The golden jackal Canis aureus is spreading throughout Europe and settling in countries where it has never been found before. Understanding its trophic ecology is increasingly important as it colonises new areas and ecosystems. This paper aims to review the diet studies that have been performed on the golden jackal in Europe and provide a complete overview of its food intake, feeding behaviour and strategy. Golden jackals were found to eat mainly small mammals (54% biomass), followed by domestic animals, ungulates and plants; together, these items make up 90% of the golden jackal’s diet. Birds and lagomorphs were also often found in the diet. Domestic animals and ungulates were primarily consumed as carcasses, and not hunted or killed by golden jackals. The diet composition differs greatly between areas and seasons, which points towards the golden jackal as a highly adaptive opportunistic omnivore, and demonstrates its ability to use many available food resources. The golden jackal provides regulating and maintenance ecosystem services as a scavenger and consumer of crop pests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet composition of the golden jackal Canis aureus in south‐east Europe – a review

Lange

Lelieveld²,

Knegt

2021

Mammal Review

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“…Between October 2015 and March 2016, we captured three wolves, including two adult females (WF1, WF2) and one adult male (WM1), using Belisle traps. Each wolf was immobilized using a combination of Ketamine (6 mg/kg) and Xylazine (1 mg/kg) [41]. The wolves were evaluated as clinically healthy at the moment of capture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some Asian human-dominated landscapes, such as in western Iran, the low abundance of wild prey, together with the lack of an effective management of organic waste, has been hypothesized as one of the factors behind negative wolf-human interactions, including livestock depredation and events of wolf attacks on humans [39, 40]. For example, in Hamadan Province (western Iran), due to the lack of knowledge on the best practices to minimize the chances of negative wolf-human interactions, the majority of local communities illegally dump their organic waste and livestock carcasses near poultry farms and in their backyards [41]. In a questionnaire survey exploring different human dimensions associated with wolf presence in this area, after interviewing 400 people owning livestock in this province, 63.5% of them followed these practices for the management of livestock carcasses and garbage [Authors, unpub.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic food resources sustain wolves in conflict scenarios of Western Iran

et al. 2019

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The feeding ecology of gray wolves has been investigated extensively worldwide. Despite previous studies on food habits of wolves in Asia and Iran, none has focused on the diet of the species in a scenario of depleted of wild prey and with recent records of attacks on humans. Here, we combined telemetry methods and scat analysis to study the diet of wolves in areas of Hamadan province, Iran, where medium to large wild prey is almost absent. Between October 2015 and March 2017, we studied the feeding behavior (by identifying feeding sites through clusters of GPS locations) of three wolves fitted with GPS collars, belonging to different wolf packs. We also collected and analyzed 110 wolf scats during the same period within the same areas. Overall, we investigated 850 clusters of GPS locations in the field, and identified 312 feeding sites. Most feeding clusters were linked to dumpsites and poultry farms around villages. We found 142 and 170 events of predatory (kill sites) and scavenging behavior, respectively. Prey composition based on kill sites was comprised of 74.6% livestock, 19.7% lagomorphs, 3.5% dogs, 1.4% red fox, and 0.7% golden jackal. Similarly, prey composition based on scavenging clusters was comprised of 79.9% livestock, 10.6% red fox, and 9.4% golden jackal. Scat analysis, however, indicated that livestock (34.3%), garbage (23.7%), poultry (16.0%), and European hare (15.4%) were the most frequent food items. We discuss the role of anthropogenic food sources in a context where agonistic wolf-human encounters occur recurrently, and suggest management guidelines regarding illegal dumping of animal carcasses and garbage dumpsites, in order to minimize wolf-human negative interactions.

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“…However, the existing PA network is not efficient for the long-term conservation of most carnivores (Shahnaseri et al, 2019). Due to the reduction in wild prey species density in Iranian PAs (Behdarvand et al, 2014;Mohammadi, Kaboli, & López-Bao, 2017;Mohammadi, Kaboli, Sazatornil, & López-Bao, 2019), occurrence of carnivore species across inhabited rural areas has increased (Mohammadi et al, 2019). Anthropogenic food resources, notably livestock and garbage, also contribute to these carnivores' diet and incentivize carnivores moving to high-risk locations in the landscape near human habitations (Babrgir, Farhadinia, & Moqanaki, 2017;Behmanesh, Malekian, Hemami, & Fakheran, 2019;Mohammadi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape connectivity for two sympatric carnivores in central Iran

Rezaei¹,

Mohammadi

Cushman³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Central Iran supports a diversity of carnivores, most of which are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. Carnivore conservation requires the identification and preservation of core habitats and ensuring connectivity between them. In the present study, we applied species distribution modeling to predict habitat suitability and used connectivity modeling to predict linkage (resistant kernel and factorial least-cost path analyses) for grey wolf and golden jackal in central Iran. For grey wolf, elevation, topographic roughness and distance from agriculture lands were the strongest predictors; however, for golden jackal, distance from agriculture lands, human settlements and topographic roughness were the most influential variables in predicting the occurrence of this species. Our results also indicated a high potential for large parts of the landscape to support the occurrence of these two canid species. The largest and the most crucial core habitats and corridor paths for the conservation of both species are located in the southern part of the study landscape. We found a small overlap between golden jackal corridor paths and core habitats with protected areas, which has important implications for conservation and future viability of the golden jackal populations. Some sections of core areas are bisected by roads, where most vehicle collisions with grey wolf and golden jackal occurred. We propose that effective conservation of both species would require integrated landscape-level management to reduce mortality risk, as well as protection of core areas and corridors and development of mitigation strategies to reduce vehicle collisions.

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Interspecific killing between wolves and golden jackals in Iran

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Diet composition of the golden jackal Canis aureus in south‐east Europe – a review

Diet composition of the golden jackal Canis aureus in south‐east Europe – a review

Anthropogenic food resources sustain wolves in conflict scenarios of Western Iran

Landscape connectivity for two sympatric carnivores in central Iran

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