Interstrain mitochondrial DNA polymorphism detected in Acanthamoeba by restriction endonuclease analysis

Bogler, Susana A.; Zarley, C.David; Burianek, Linda L.; Fuerst, Paul A.; Byers, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/0166-6851(83)90006-3

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In contrast, A. astronyxis, a representative species of morphological group I, could not be clustered with any other reference species or our keratitis isolates, showing concordance between RAPD profiles and cyst features. Similar findings were also observed by other approaches (8,14,27). Therefore, it is clear that species definition in the genus Acanthamoeba -especially those assigned to either A. polyphaga or A. castellanii -must be reviewed, as recently proposed (14).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles as a tool for the characterization of Brazilian keratitis isolates of the genus Acanthamoeba

Alves

Gusmao

Teixeira

et al. 2000

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The genus Acanthamoeba comprises free-living amebae identified as opportunistic pathogens of humans and other animal species. Morphological, biochemical and molecular approaches have shown wide genetic diversity within the genus. In an attempt to determine the genetic relatedness among isolates of Acanthamoeba we analyzed randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of 11 Brazilian isolates from cases of human keratitis and 8 American type culture collection (ATCC) reference strains. We found that ATCC strains belonging to the same species present polymorphic RAPD profiles whereas strains of different species show very similar profiles. Although most Brazilian isolates could not be assigned with certainty to any of the reference species, they could be clustered according to pattern similarities. The results show that RAPD analysis is a useful tool for the rapid characterization of new isolates and the assessment of genetic relatedness of Acanthamoeba spp. A comparison between RAPD analyses and morphological characteristics of cyst stages is also discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles as a tool for the characterization of Brazilian keratitis isolates of the genus Acanthamoeba

Alves

Gusmao

Teixeira

et al. 2000

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…This classification defines the genus clearly, but the variation in cyst morphology seen even within cultured strains makes the identification of many described species a subjective process [59]. Bogler and colleagues [77] consider that a single species in the genus can comprise a mixture of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, and that problems of identification and determination of pathogenicity are compounded by attenuation of virulence during laboratory culture. Pathogenicity is probably opportunist and it is possible that all strains have a pathogenic potential, but this is uncertain and it is equally possible that pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains are equivalent to distinct species [77].…”

Section: Identification Of Acanthamoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bogler et al [77] tested this approach with amoebae by examining the relationships among 15 strains from four species; pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains were included in the study [77]. DNA fragment size polymorphisms were used to estimate nucleotide sequence polymorphisms, in the expectation that the latter would correlate with the overall genetic relatedness of the various strains [81].…”

Section: Restriction Endonuclease Digestion Of Mtdnamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, little is known about the genetic relationships between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Acanthamoeba. Several studies report on the analysis of mitochondria1 DNA (mtDNA) variation in members of the genus Acanthamoeba as an aid in taxonomy [21,[24][25][26]711. This method has proved to be a useful approach to studying evolutionary relationships among closely related organisms [ 72, 731.…”

Section: Identification Of Acanthamoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphological criteria are inadequate for the distinction of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains [5,6,20,231. Differences in antigenic determinants have been found between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Naegleria strains [7,201, while determination of the iso-enzyme profile by iso-electric focusing and analysis of mitochondria1 or whole-cell DNA profiles also seem to be promising [5,6,21,22,[24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation, Identification and Increasing Importance of 'Free-Living' Amoebae Causing Human Disease

Szénási

Endo

Yagita

et al. 1998

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Amphizoic small amoebic protozoa are capable of existing both in 'free-living' and in 'parasitic' form depending on the actual conditions. Two genera (Naegleria and Acanthamoeba) have become recognised as opportunist human parasites. Since the first description in 1965 of a lethal case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria, many more (mostly lethal) cases have been reported, while granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), as well as eye (keratinitis, conjunctivitis, etc.), ear, nose, skin and internal organ infections caused by Acanthamoeba have also occurred in rapidly increasing numbers. Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are found worldwide in water, soil and dust, where they provide a potential source of infection. Successful differential diagnosis and appropriate (specific) therapy depends on precise laboratory identification of the 'free-living' amoebae. In most cases, isolation from the environment can be achieved, but identification and differentiation of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains is not easy. The methods presently available do not fulfil completely the requirements for specificity, sensitivity and reliability. Morphological criteria are inadequate, while thermophilic character, pH dependency and even virulence in infected mice, are not unambiguous features of pathogenicity of the different strains. More promising are molecular methods, such as restriction endonuclease digestion of whole-cell DNA or mitochondria1 DNA, as well as iso-enzyme profile analysis after iso-electric focusing and staining for acid phosphatase and propionyl esterase activity. Use of appropriate monoclonal antibodies has also yielded promising results in the differentiation of human pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. However, quicker, simpler, more specific and reliable methods are still highly desirable. The significance of endosymbiosis (especially with Legionella strains) is not well understood. The results of a systematic survey in Hungary for the isolation and identification of 'free-living' amoebae, including an investigation of the Hungarian amoebic fauna, the isolation of possibly pathogenic Naegleria strains and of some Acanthamoeba strains from eye diseases, as well as the finding of a case of endosymbiosis, are also reported here.

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Large mitochondrial genome and mitochondrial DNA size polymorphism in the mosquito parasite, Romanomermis culicivorax

1986

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Physical characterization of the mitochondrial genome derived from the obligate mosquito parasite, Romanomermis culicivorax has generated some surprising physical properties regarding the molecular structure of nematode mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Restriction enzyme analysis of this mtDNA has revealed a mitochondrial genome size of approximately 26 kb, the largest metazoan mtDNA reported to date. Isofemale lineages are monomorphic for one of three size variants, differing by 500-1,000 base pairs, present in our original field population. Cloned hybridization probes derived from a single region exhibiting a 600 bp size polymorphism share strong homology with several spatially separated sites distributed about the mtDNA. This suggests that the homology is a result of repeated DNA sequence elements contained within this mitochondrial genome that contribute to mtDNA size polymorphism.

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Interstrain mitochondrial DNA polymorphism detected in Acanthamoeba by restriction endonuclease analysis

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles as a tool for the characterization of Brazilian keratitis isolates of the genus Acanthamoeba

Random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles as a tool for the characterization of Brazilian keratitis isolates of the genus Acanthamoeba

Isolation, Identification and Increasing Importance of 'Free-Living' Amoebae Causing Human Disease

Large mitochondrial genome and mitochondrial DNA size polymorphism in the mosquito parasite, Romanomermis culicivorax

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