Intertwined: Software-defined communication networks for multi-agent system-based Smart Grid control

Dorsch, Nils; Kurtz, Fabian; Dalhues, Stefan; Robitzky, Lena; Häger, Ulf; Wietfeld, Christian

doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2016.7778770

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In previous work we proposed an SDN controller framework, which provides fault tolerance and dynamically adaptable service guarantees for Smart Grid communications [9,15,39]. Compared to these publications and other related work discussed above, we achieve the following improvements and contributions in this paper:…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 83%

Enabling hard service guarantees in Software-Defined Smart Grid infrastructures

2018

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures play a key role in the evolution from traditional power systems to Smart Grids. Increasingly fluctuating power flows, sparked by the transition towards sustainable energy generation, become a major issue for power grid stability. To deal with this challenge, future Smart Grids require precise monitoring and control, which in turn demand for reliable, real-time capable and cost-efficient communications.For this purpose, we propose applying Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to handle the manifold requirements of Smart Grid communications. To achieve reliability, our approach encompasses fast recovery after failures in the communication network and dynamic service-aware network (re-)configuration. Network Calculus (NC) logic is embedded into our SDN controller for meeting latency requirements imposed by the standard IEC 61850 of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Thus, routing provides delay-optimal paths under consideration of existing cross traffic. Also, continuous latency bound compliance is ensured by combining NC delay supervision with means of flexible reconfiguration. For evaluation we consider the well-known Nordic 32 test system, on which we map a corresponding communication network in both experiment and emulation. The described functionalities are validated, employing $ c 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The formal version of this publication is realistic IEC 61850 transmissions and distributed control traffic. Our results show that hard service guarantees can be ensured with the help of the proposed SDN solution. On this basis, we derive extremely time critical services, which must not be subjected to flexible reconfiguration. Service Guarantees, Software-Defined Networking, Network Calculus.culus, for enabling respectively verifying hard service guarantee compliance.Afterwards, results of related work are described and compared to this article. Smart Grid Communication Use CasesSmart Grid communication requirements can be roughly divided into distribution and transmission grid use cases, as detailed below. While these power system levels exhibit widely diverging demands, SDN offers an integrated approach for associated communications. Managing the Distribution Power GridCommunication-dependent applications in the distribution power grid comprise Automated Meter Reading (AMR), DSM, monitoring and control of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), as well as coordination of EV charging. AMR is considered a fundamental function of smart distribution grids, providing measurement data as the basis for more advanced applications, such as novelty detection power meters [11]. For this concept machine learning is deployed on distributed energy measurement data to optimize the energy consumption times of end users. Also, anomalies can be detected, revealing energy consumption that deviates from common patterns (e.g. non-technical losses)....

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 83%

Enabling hard service guarantees in Software-Defined Smart Grid infrastructures

2018

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“…Interfacing the agents with a real-time simulation of the power system enables a hardware-in-the-loop-simulation in order to test and validate the agents' performance in real-life conditions. A first attempt is demonstrated in [29] where agents for autonomous control of power flows were implemented on standard computer hardware which indicates the general economic feasibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent‐based identification and control of voltage emergency situations

Robitzky

Weckesser²,

Häger

et al. 2018

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Changing dynamics of power systems caused by the migration from conventional to distributed energy sources increase the risk of blackouts due to voltage instability, especially in case of unforeseen network conditions (e.g., (N-k)-cases). To enable a both secure and efficient power supply, novel monitoring and emergency control systems for the identification of voltage emergency situations as well as the execution of control actions are required that react reliably in due time and adaptively in case of changing network situations. This paper presents a distributed agent-based approach to counteract voltage instability that is based solely on local measurements and limited inter-agent communication. Distributed agents located at substations in the (sub-)transmission network monitor distribution and transmission voltages as well as load tap changer positions and are able to autonomously curtail load in case system stability is endangered. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated in a co-simulation environment interfacing the multi-agent system with a dynamic power system simulation. The presented approach allows for an early detection of voltage instability as well as a coordinated execution of available control actions. IntroductionThe large-scale integration of renewable energy sources and the related decommissioning of conventional power plants change the complexity and dynamics of future power grids. Especially in case of (N-k) situations, the risk of regional or large-scale blackouts due to long-term voltage instability has to be carefully assessed. To counteract critical network conditions, novel emergency control concepts acting timely and making use of available measures are essential for maintaining system stability in future power systems [1]. The major challenges for such systems are (i) a reliable reaction in due time, (ii) the adaptability in case of changing network conditions, (iii) the robustness to communication failures, and (iv) the coordinated activation of countermeasures.As an alternative to centralized system integrity protection schemes requiring significant computational effort in case of largescale grids or the comprehensive installation of wide-area monitoring and control systems, as proposed in [2]. is proposed. Future substations will be connected through high speed communication links which allows for distributed controllers communicating between each other. In particular, a Multi-Agent System (MAS) is developed with intelligent agents situated at substations in the transmission and subtransmission network. Agents monitor the trend of local bus voltages, communicate with other agents and decide about corrective control actions autonomously. The developed approach allows for fast detection of an evolving voltage instability after the system is subjected to severe disturbances as well as the autonomous activation of countermeasures in order to restore a stable state of equilibrium with acceptable bus voltages.The paper is structured as follows. First, in Section 2 the...

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“…Nils Dorsch et al introduced Intertwined; a Software‐Defined communication networks for Multi‐Agent System‐based (MAS) smart grid. Intertwined applied a MAS system for controlling power flows, handling overloads and guaranteeing voltage stability using SDN real‐time decentralized management capabilities.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…interface) for branches between bus6 and buses 5, 11, 12, 13. B, HMI power traffic distribution (A) HMI for branches between bus6 and buses 5,11,12,13 (B) HMI power traffic distribution…”

Section: Figure 5 a Hmi (Human-machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, similar studies in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and IoT such as the literature have been accomplished to present an evolutionary approach towards a more dynamic networks design and functionality. Smart grid researchers found SDN capable of making IoT interconnected devices more reliable, efficient, and robust against malicious attacks through (1) real‐time programmable interworking protocols; (2) flow‐based and centralized policy management; (3) high availability management for network component; (4) implementation of multi‐layer security policies; (5) application‐aware bandwidth control suiting the dynamic requirements of high priority interconnected system components …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PYGRID: A software development and assessment framework for grid‐aware software defined networking

et al. 2018

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The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions to connect Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) to the Internet to facilitate efficient resource management in smart cities. Smart grid is the evolutionary approach towards a more dynamic, situation‐aware, and elastic power systems in smart cities. However, due to the huge scale, heterogeneity and complexity of the many interconnected cyber and physical devices, current network and security technologies are incapable of best serving these needs. Destructive attacks targeting these components such as Denial of Service (DoS) may fully use grid structure and disrupt its crucial service. Recent researches offer the use of modern Software Defined Networking (SDN) to solve synonymous Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) network and security challenges. These researches noted the lack of an adequate platform to simulate grid systems network infrastructure. Therefore, in this paper, we present PYGRID, a software development and assessment framework for grid‐aware SDN. Additionally, a top level SDN application is developed in SDN‐enabled smart grid network to demonstrate the effectiveness of such merger and to mitigate DoS attacks. PYGRID is developed using PYTHON, an OSI‐approved open source language considering standard client and server industrial communication protocols. IEEE 14‐bus power system is adopted to demonstrate the potent and effectiveness of the proposed solution. We conducted multiple experiments to validate the developed framework over 14‐bus system using PYPOWER. To the best of our knowledge, the resulted platform may be considered the first completely open source implementation of a secure SDN enabled smart grid simulator.

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Intertwined: Software-defined communication networks for multi-agent system-based Smart Grid control

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Enabling hard service guarantees in Software-Defined Smart Grid infrastructures

Enabling hard service guarantees in Software-Defined Smart Grid infrastructures

Agent‐based identification and control of voltage emergency situations

PYGRID: A software development and assessment framework for grid‐aware software defined networking

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