Interval‐timing Protocols and Their Relevancy to the Study of Temporal Cognition and Neurobehavioral Genetics

Yin, Bin; Lusk, Nicholas A.; Meck, Warren H.

doi:10.1002/9781118540770.ch8

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 336 publications

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“…This more rapid depletion in dopamine function is accompanied by our sense that the external world is going faster, when in fact it may be our internal clock that is going slower, thereby suggesting to us that sequences of events are occurring in a shorter amount of time than would typically be expected (see Cooper and Erickson, 2002 ). An example of this “fatigue effect” was reported by Malapani et al ( 1998 ) in their study of Parkinson’s disease patients and aged-matched controls trained and then tested on a duration reproduction procedure without feedback (see Yin et al, 2016a for procedural details). Over the course of a 2 h session, healthy aged participants showed proportional rightward shifts in the reproduction of 8-s and 21-s target durations that increased as a function of 30-min session blocks as illustrated in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Age and Timing Performance: Decline Preservation And Compementioning

confidence: 90%

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Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy

Turgeon

Lustig

Meck

2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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This review outlines the basic psychological and neurobiological processes associated with age-related distortions in timing and time perception in the hundredths of milliseconds-to-minutes range. The difficulty in separating indirect effects of impairments in attention and memory from direct effects on timing mechanisms is addressed. The main premise is that normal aging is commonly associated with increased noise and temporal uncertainty as a result of impairments in attention and memory as well as the possible reduction in the accuracy and precision of a central timing mechanism supported by dopamine-glutamate interactions in cortico-striatal circuits. Pertinent to these findings, potential interventions that may reduce the likelihood of observing age-related declines in timing are discussed. Bayesian optimization models are able to account for the adaptive changes observed in time perception by assuming that older adults are more likely to base their temporal judgments on statistical inferences derived from multiple trials than on a single trial’s clock reading, which is more susceptible to distortion. We propose that the timing functions assigned to the age-sensitive fronto-striatal network can be subserved by other neural networks typically associated with finely-tuned perceptuo-motor adjustments, through degeneracy principles (different structures serving a common function).

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Section: Age and Timing Performance: Decline Preservation And Compementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Data are taken from test sessions described by Malapani et al ( 1998 ) and Rakitin et al ( 1998 ). See Lustig and Meck ( 2005 ), Lake and Meck ( 2013 ), and Yin et al ( 2016a ) for a review of the benefits of the peak-interval procedure.…”

Section: Age and Timing Performance: Decline Preservation And Compementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy

Turgeon

Lustig

Meck

2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…MSNs are trained over successive trials by synaptic plasticity mechanisms to function as detectors of unique patterns of input that are related to specific target durations paired with reinforcement (Dallérac et al, 2017). A major strength of the model is that it accounts for the scalar property which is the hallmark of interval timing (Allman et al, 2014;Yin et al, 2017). The first component of the scalar property requires that the mean measures of the timed behavior vary linearly, and usually accurately, with imposed temporal standards (i.e., target durations).…”

Section: Computational Properties Of the Striatummentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Clocks, mGluR7 and Microtubules: A Primer for the Molecular Encoding of Target Durations in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells and Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons

Yousefzadeh

Hesslow

Shumyatsky

et al. 2020

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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The majority of studies in the field of timing and time perception have generally focused on sub-and supra-second time scales, specific behavioral processes, and/or discrete neuronal circuits. In an attempt to find common elements of interval timing from a broader perspective, we review the literature and highlight the need for cell and molecular studies that can delineate the neural mechanisms underlying temporal processing. Moreover, given the recent attention to the function of microtubule proteins and their potential contributions to learning and memory consolidation/re-consolidation, we propose that these proteins play key roles in coding temporal information in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). The presence of microtubules at relevant neuronal sites, as well as their adaptability, dynamic structure, and longevity, makes them a suitable candidate for neural plasticity at both intra-and inter-cellular levels. As a consequence, microtubules appear capable of maintaining a temporal code or engram and thereby regulate the firing patterns of PCs and MSNs known to be involved in interval timing. This proposed mechanism would control the storage of temporal information triggered by postsynaptic activation of mGluR7. This, in turn, leads to alterations in microtubule dynamics through a "read-write" memory process involving alterations in microtubule dynamics and their hexagonal lattice structures involved in the molecular basis of temporal memory.

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“…Well, one common way of achieving this is to omit the reward sporadically so as to capture the full temporal profile of the anticipatory responses (called peak trials), which is exactly what Toda et al [3] did: they observed that the average rate of licking exhibited a bell-shaped curve as a function of trial time, with its peak around the actual target time. As in other domains [8], however, averaging the data causes artifacts: the pattern of responding in individual trials is not a bell-curve but a boxcar demarcated by the abrupt increases and decrements in response rate [9]. Toda et al [3] carried out a not only more appropriate but also theory-driven level of analysis, and quantified the delays at which mice started and stopped anticipating the reward delivery in individual peak trials ( Figure 1B).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Probably the most famous examples are from our own order, the primates, whose exploitative talents feed our curiosity about technological evolution in humans. Evidence exists in the animal kingdom for tool kits and sets [9][10][11], material preferences [12] and design modifications [10,13]. Yet…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interval Timing: Stopping the Internal Stopwatch by Photostimulation

Balcı

2017

Current Biology

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Interval‐timing Protocols and Their Relevancy to the Study of Temporal Cognition and Neurobehavioral Genetics

Cited by 12 publications

References 336 publications

Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy

Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy

Internal Clocks, mGluR7 and Microtubules: A Primer for the Molecular Encoding of Target Durations in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells and Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons

Interval Timing: Stopping the Internal Stopwatch by Photostimulation

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