Intervention Strategies for the Seismic Improvement of Masonry Buildings Based on FME Validation: The Case of a Terraced Building Struck by the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake

Abstract

Residential masonry buildings represent a large stock among highly vulnerable structures in medium–high seismic hazard areas, often built without any anti-seismic provisions. Their rehabilitation and/or strengthening according to optimised intervention strategies is topical and may contribute to revaluating zones characterized by depopulation phenomena. In this paper, a terraced building struck by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake is analysed through a frame by macro element (FME) model. The building is composed of six two-storey units made of stone and clay block masonry walls and semi-rigid diaphragms. The numerical model was calibrated based on the damage pattern caused by the earthquake and then used to carry out parametric analyses on the strengthened conditions by simulating both one unit and the entire terrace. The effects of interventions applied to either vertical or horizontal components, both singularly and in combination, were analysed in terms of nonlinear static analyses, and quantified by a performance factor, according to the upgraded seismic code in Italy. Kinematic analyses also completed the assessment of the building. Results compared the capacity of interventions in attaining the targets defined for improvement at both local and overall levels.

Propuesta de refuerzo sísmico con carrizo para mamposterías de adobe en construcciones patrimoniales

“…Esta aseveración puntualiza que, los inmuebles de tierra no sólo tienen un valor histórico por la antigüedad, sino por llevar consigo el patrimonio inmaterial de la población. De esta manera, al ser la construcción de adobe parte del patrimonio material e inmaterial, se enfatiza en su estudio para entender cómo mitigar su vulnerabilidad y garantizar cierta seguridad sísmica (14,16,20).…”

“…La vibración, el desgaste y desmoronamiento del arquetipo son aspectos que deben mitigarse, por lo que, se experimentan perforando adobes para entender el efecto que causa el uso del taladro. De esta forma, se resuelve que al utilizar dos distintos tipos de broca en un proceso ascendente se minimiza este efecto (Figura 4); por otra parte, es necesario recalcar que se descarta el uso de amoladora u otras herramientas debido a su incompatibilidad con intervenciones en bienes patrimoniales al reportar múltiples afecciones que contradicen el criterio de mínima intervención, y a partir de él, el respeto por la autenticidad e integridad (20). El proceso de intervención inicia con la delimitación de las regatas.…”

“…En ese contexto, las soluciones propuestas en estudios previos permiten orientar las acciones y proteger los inmuebles, aunque comprometen sus valores patrimoniales al ser mayormente invasivos. Sobre esta deficiencia el presente estudio contribuye con el desarrollo de una alternativa compatible y de mínima intervención que prioriza dichos valores (20) y mitiga la vulnerabilidad del inmueble.…”

Fragility curves of masonry buildings in aggregate accounting for local mechanisms and site effects

“…: holistic approach (Cardinali et al 2021); heuristic approach (e.g. Ferreira et al 2013;Vicente et al 2014;Brando et al 2017;Sandoli et al 2022;Moretic et al 2022), analytical-mechanical approach (Cocco et al 2019;Cima et al 2021;Nale et al 2021; analytical-numerical approach (Ramos and Lourenço 2004;Senaldi et al 2010;Vicente et al 2011;Fagundes et al 2017;Formisano and Massimilla 2019;Bernardini et al 2019;Degli Abbati et al 2019;Valente et al 2019;Greco et al 2020;Grillanda et al 2020;Angiolilli et al 2021;Battaglia et al 2021;Valluzzi et al 2021;Bernardo et al 2022); large-scale approaches based on empirical evaluations obtained from post-earthquake data (Del Gaudio et al 2019;Penna et al 2022a;Sisti et al 2019); as well as hybrid methods (Kappos et al 2006;Maio et al 2015) combining the previous approaches through the individuation of representative building classes. Comparisons between different approaches for specific case studies are reported in Chieffo et al 2019 andChiumiento and.…”

Sourcing Limestone Masonry for the Restoration of Heritage Buildings: Frumoasa Monastery Case Study

“…Thus, the rehabilitation and restoration of these buildings are nowadays considered to be compulsory actions to preserve their historical, religious, architectural, cultural and esthetic values. Among heritage constructions, masonry (made of bricks or stone) is almost always required for maintenance and restoration work [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Hence, a certain need exists to establish a methodology to ensure a trustworthy match between the existing in situ stones and the replacement ones.…”