Intervention Trials with Pearl Millet Based Iron Rich <i>Ladoo</i> and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) Tablets on Hemoglobin Status of Adolescent Females in Bikaner City

Singh, Tanu Shree; Goyal, Madhu; Sheth, Mini

doi:10.1080/09735070.2014.11886475

Cited by 4 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There were 19 studies (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43) used to conduct the meta-analysis on hemoglobin levels, which showed high heterogeneity (I 2 = 87%) and statistical significance (Figure 2). The hemoglobin levels in 1,022 individuals (from 19 studies) produced SMD of 1.05 at a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.63 to 1.46 indicating a significant (p < 0.01) overall improvement in hemoglobin levels within the group that had consumed millets for a period ranging from 28 days to 4.5 years.…”

Section: Hemoglobin Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is highest among low and middle-income countries. Millets, including sorghum, are a traditional staple in many of these countries and are known to be rich in iron. However, a wide variation in the iron composition of millets has been reported, which needs to be understood in consonance with its bioavailability and roles in reducing anemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to analyze the scientific evidence on the bioavailability of iron in different types of millets, processing, and the impact of millet-based food on iron status and anemia. The results indicated that iron levels in the millets used to study iron bioavailability (both in vivo and in vitro) and efficacy varied with the type and variety from 2 mg/100 g to 8 mg/100 g. However, not all the efficacy studies indicated the iron levels in the millets. There were 30 research studies, including 22 human interventions and 8 in vitro studies, included in the meta-analysis which all discussed various outcomes such as hemoglobin level, serum ferritin level, and absorbed iron. The studies included finger millet, pearl millet, teff and sorghum, or a mixture of millets. The results of 19 studies conducted on anaemic individuals showed that there was a significant (p < 0.01) increase in hemoglobin levels by 13.2% following regular consumption (21 days to 4.5 years) of millets either as a meal or drink compared with regular diets where there was only 2.7% increase. Seven studies on adolescents showed increases in hemoglobin levels from 10.8 ± 1.4 (moderate anemia) to 12.2 ± 1.5 g/dl (normal). Two studies conducted on humans demonstrated that consumption of a pearl millet-based meal significantly increased the bioavailable iron (p < 0.01), with the percentage of bioavailability being 7.5 ± 1.6, and provided bioavailable iron of 1 ± 0.4 mg. Four studies conducted on humans showed significant increases in ferritin level (p < 0.05) up to 54.7%. Eight in-vitro studies showed that traditional processing methods such as fermentation and germination can improve bioavailable iron significantly (p < 0.01) by 3.4 and 2.2 times and contributed to 143 and 95% of the physiological requirement of women, respectively. Overall, this study showed that millets can reduce iron deficiency anemia.

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Section: Hemoglobin Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…The general characteristics of the randomized controlled trials included in the systematic review [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] is presented in Table 3. The included randomized controlled trials presented the effectiveness of the dietary intervention assessed within the study and were compared with the effectiveness of supplementation [25,26,35], placebo [25,27,32,33], control [25,26,28,34,35,37,38], or other dietary approach [29][30][31]36]. The studies were conducted mainly in samples of young women [30,[32][33][34][36][37][38] or young to middle-aged women [25][26][27][28][29]31], while one study was conducted in a group of adolescent girls [35]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The included randomized controlled trials presented the effectiveness of the dietary intervention assessed within the study and were compared with the effectiveness of supplementation [25,26,35], placebo [25,27,32,33], control [25,26,28,34,35,37,38], or other dietary approach [29][30][31]36]. The studies were conducted mainly in samples of young women [30,[32][33][34][36][37][38] or young to middle-aged women [25][26][27][28][29]31], while one study was conducted in a group of adolescent girls [35]. The studied individuals were described as those with iron deficiency/anemia [25][26][27]35,38] or low iron stores [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]36,37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies were conducted mainly in samples of young women [30,[32][33][34][36][37][38] or young to middle-aged women [25][26][27][28][29]31], while one study was conducted in a group of adolescent girls [35]. The studied individuals were described as those with iron deficiency/anemia [25][26][27]35,38] or low iron stores [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]36,37]. The studies were conducted mainly in developed countries, such as Spain [33][34][35], Denmark [28,29], the United States of America [36], Australia [26], or New Zealand [25,31], but also in India [35,38], Mexico [27], and Rwanda [37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studied individuals were described as those with iron deficiency/anemia [25][26][27]35,38] or low iron stores [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]36,37]. The studies were conducted mainly in developed countries, such as Spain [33][34][35], Denmark [28,29], the United States of America [36], Australia [26], or New Zealand [25,31], but also in India [35,38], Mexico [27], and Rwanda [37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Dietary Interventions to Treat Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2022

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Iron-deficiency anemia is the most frequent nutritional deficiency, with women of reproductive age being particularly at risk of its development. The aim of the systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions to treat iron-deficiency anemia in women based on the randomized controlled trials. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021261235). The searching procedure was based on PubMed and Web of Science databases, while it covered records published until June 2021. It included all randomized controlled trials assessing effectiveness of various dietary interventions on treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age. The total number of 7825 records were screened, while 14 of them were finally included in the systematic review. The studies were screened, included, and reported, and the risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials by two independent researchers. The included studies compared the effectiveness of various dietary interventions with supplementation, placebo, control, or any other dietary intervention, while the assessed dietary interventions were based either on increasing iron supply and/or on increasing its absorption (by increasing vitamin C or vitamin D or decreasing phytate intake). The duration of applied intervention was diversified from 3 months or less, through 4 or 5 months, to half of a year or more. Among the assessed biochemical measures, the following were analyzed in majority of studies: hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin receptor, hematocrit, and transferrin. The majority of included studies supported the influence of dietary interventions on the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia, as the applied dietary intervention was not effective in only three studies. The majority of included studies were assessed as characterized by medium risk of bias, while the overall risk was high for only four studies, which resulted from the randomization process, deviations from the intended interventions, and selection of the reported result. The majority of included studies were conducted for increasing iron supply and/or increasing vitamin C supply; however, only for the interventions including increasing iron supply and simultaneously increasing its absorption by vitamin C supply were all results confirmed effective. Vitamin D also seems to be an effective dietary treatment, but further studies are necessary to confirm the observations. Considering this fact, dietary interventions recommended for anemic female patients should include increased intake of iron and vitamin C.

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Does millet consumption contribute to raising blood hemoglobin levels compared to regular refined staples?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Anitha,

Tsusaka,

Givens

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Millets are recognized for their health and nutritional values, and the United Nations declared 2023 the International Year of Millets. Among the several health and nutritional benefits of millets, their impact on hemoglobin concentration is important since anemia is a major public health issue in many countries. To investigate the effect of millet (including sorghum) consumption on hemoglobin concentration in the blood, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Thirteen published studies featuring randomized control trials involving 590 individuals in the intervention group and 549 control individuals were eligible for the meta-analysis. The difference-in-differences analysis revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) positive effects of millet consumption on hemoglobin concentration, with an effect size of +0.68 standardized mean difference units. The change in hemoglobin concentration observed in the intervention group was +13.6%, which is statistically significant (p < 0.0005), compared to that in the control group, which was +4.8% and not statistically significant (p = 0.1362). In four studies, the consumption of millets in the intervention group demonstrated a change from mild anemia to normal status among children, whereas there was no change in the control group. The findings provide evidence that the consumption of millets can improve blood hemoglobin concentration, likely resulting from increased iron intake. Further research is needed involving the assessment of iron content and bioavailability to better understand the effect variation among millet types and the mechanisms involved.

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Intervention Trials with Pearl Millet Based Iron Rich Ladoo and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) Tablets on Hemoglobin Status of Adolescent Females in Bikaner City

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effectiveness of Dietary Interventions to Treat Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Does millet consumption contribute to raising blood hemoglobin levels compared to regular refined staples?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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