Interventions and Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Literature Review

Abstract

Bleeding is the main cause of maternal mortality in the world, the mortality rate due to bleeding about 30.3% in Indonesia in 2013. Dealing bleeding during and after labor is very important for health professionals including nurses. Research on the management of postpartum hemorrhage is still limited. The purpose of this literature review was to determine the management of postpartum hemorrhage from various countries. The method, this literature review involved articles that published in 2008-2018. The articles searched from several databases, including ProQuest, 32 articles, PubMed 22 articles, and Google 21 scholar articles. Keywords for article search included postpartum hemorrhage, nurse, prevention, treatment, management, and intervention. 75 articles were assessed for the quality using the JBI instrument (Joanna Briggs Institute), and finally, 10 articles were found and met the inclusion criteria. The results show that there are two types of actions to deal with postpartum hemorrhage including direct treatment and indirect treatment. The direct treatment includes bimanual compression, maneuvering techniques, balloon tampons, and tools resembling a butterfly shape for bimanual compression. Indirect actions include training of health workers, initiation of early breastfeeding and ice packs. Conclusion, effective management both directly and indirectly is able to overcome postpartum hemorrhage. Health workers are expected to master effective ways to deal with postpartum hemorrhage.

Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Literature Review

“…Early Breastfeeding Initiation processes such as touch, suction, and licking on the nipple will stimulate the release of oxytocin hormone, which is very important to increase uterine contractions and reduce the risk of bleeding in the mother. Early breastfeeding initiation also helps the mother to relax and away from stressful conditions, oxytocin production can increase (Rosida et al, 2019).…”

“…The death rate is also one of the important indicators in determining the health status of mothers in a country (Rosida et al, 2019). Currently, the maternal mortality rate is still high, especially in developing countries (Kochanek et al, 2016;Kramer et al, 2013).…”

“…By looking at the above risk factors, it is expected that effective handling by health professionals and have a role as advocates, collaborators, educators, service providers, and researchers must have the latest knowledge in providing optimal and comprehensive care (Rosida et al, 2019).…”

Management of Decreased Consciousness Caused by Hypovolemic Shock ec Postpartum Hemorrhage in Critical Care Setting

“…1 Postpartum hemorrhage is a blood loss of more than 500ml or after vaginal birth and 1000 ml in cesarean delivery. 2,3 According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecolgists, PPH is defined as a cumulative blood loss greater than or equal to 1000 mL or blood loss accompanied by signs or symptoms of hypovolaemia within 24 hours after the birth process (includes intrapartum loss) regardless of route of delivery. 4 Hypovolemic shock due to bleeding requires a well-integrated health management system.…”