Interventions for preventing injuries in problem drinkers

Dinh-Zarr, T Bella; Goss, Cynthia W; Heitman, Elizabeth; Roberts, Ian; DiGuiseppi, Carolyn

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001857.pub2

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, the heterogeneity of this sample supports the external validity as well as the generalizability of our findings. That we did not find group differences on alcohol problems is somewhat puzzling, especially as an earlier study of MI with a similar age group showed an impact on alcohol-related negative consequences, but not consumption, after 6 months [16], although this inconsistency in findings across studies is not unusual [34]. It is possible that the personalized feedback had a direct harm reduction effect, whereas the in-person MI was necessary to affect alcohol use.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Motivational interviewing versus feedback only in emergency care for young adult problem drinking

et al. 2007

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Aim To establish the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention compared to feedback only when delivered in an emergency department for reducing alcohol use and problems among young adults. Design Two-group randomized controlled trial with follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 months. Setting Level I Trauma Center. Participants A total of 198 18-24-year-old patients who were either alcohol positive upon hospital admission or met screening criteria for alcohol problems. Intervention Participants were assigned randomly to receive a one-session motivational intervention (MI) that included personalized feedback, or the personalized feedback report only (FO). All participants received additional telephone contact 1 month and 3 months after baseline. Measurements Demographic information, alcohol use, alcohol problems and treatment seeking. Findings Six months after the intervention MI participants drank on fewer days, had fewer heavy drinking days and drank fewer drinks per week in the past month than did FO patients. These effects were maintained at 12 months. Clinical significance evaluation indicated that twice as many MI participants as FO participants reliably reduced their volume of alcohol consumption from baseline to 12 months. Reductions in alcohol-related injuries and moving violations, and increases in alcohol treatment-seeking were observed across both conditions at both follow-ups with no differences between conditions. Conclusions This study provides new data supporting the potential of the motivational intervention tested to reduce alcohol consumption among high-risk youth.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Motivational interviewing versus feedback only in emergency care for young adult problem drinking

et al. 2007

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“…Agressões sexuais por estranhos, violência nas escolas ou trabalho, ruas, prisões e retiros de idosos constituem a violência comunitária Muitas pesquisas demonstram relação entre o uso de bebidas alcoólicas e comportamento violento [3][4][5][6] . Há facilitação da violência pelo álcool, havendo associação entre estar alcoolizado e participação em homicídios, suicídios, violência domés-tica, crimes sexuais, acidentes de trânsito, tanto como vítima ou perpetrador destas violências 6,7 . O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas também está associado a afogamentos, delinqüên-cia e diminuição do rendimento escolar 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Há facilitação da violência pelo álcool, havendo associação entre estar alcoolizado e participação em homicídios, suicídios, violência domés-tica, crimes sexuais, acidentes de trânsito, tanto como vítima ou perpetrador destas violências 6,7 . O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas também está associado a afogamentos, delinqüên-cia e diminuição do rendimento escolar 7,8 . Entretanto, a relação entre o consumo de álcool e violência é complexa, pois não existe associação simples e unidirecional 9 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Community violence and alcohol abuse among adolescents: a sex comparison

Moreira¹,

Belmonte²,

Vieira³

et al. 2008

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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ResumoObjetivo: Verificar a existência de associação entre vitimização e uso de álcool entre meninos e meninas de Porto Alegre (RS).Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal. Participaram estudantes de escolas públicas com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, da 5ª série do ensino fundamental até a 3ª série do ensino médio, compondo amostra por conglomerados em dois estágios, definidas pelas características socioeconômicas do bairro da escola e pela turma. A coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário padronizado de forma anônima e voluntária.Resultados: O álcool foi utilizado por 54% dos meninos adolescentes (14-19) e 17% dos adolescentes (10-13), por 58% das meninas adolescentes mais velhas e 19% das adolescentes mais novas. Cinqüenta e sete por cento dos estudantes sofreram vitimização severa, e 53% sofreram vitimização moderada. Quando as amostras separadas por sexos foram avaliadas, observou-se que meninos e meninas que faziam uso de álcool relataram 2,6 e 1,8, respectivamente, mais vitimização grave, ao passo que o uso de álcool entre meninos e meninas se associou a 3,1 e 2,5 mais prevalência de vitimização moderada, respectivamente. Para os episódios de embriaguez, observou-se que adolescentes se embriagaram mais que pré-adolescentes e que as exposições à violência mostraram associação aumentada para embriaguez. Um percentual de 32% de meninos (razão de prevalência, RP = 4,4; IC95% 2,6-7,3) e 22% de meninas (RP = 2,2; IC95% 1,2-4,1) vítimas de violência severa relatou embriaguez pelo menos uma vez. Conclusões:Adolescentes de ambos os sexos que consomem mais bebidas alcoólicas têm maior risco de sofrerem violência comunitária.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84(3):244-250: Violência comunitária, álcool, adolescentes. AbstractObjective: To verify whether there is an association between victimization and alcohol use among boys and girls in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of students from public schools, aged 10 to 19 years, from the fifth grade of primary education to the third grade of secondary education, selected by two-stage cluster sampling, defined by the socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood in which each school is located and by school class. Data collection was by means of a questionnaire which was completed anonymously and voluntarily.Results: Fifty-four percent of the older adolescent boys (aged 14-19) drank alcohol, compared to 17% of the younger adolescent boys (10-13), as did 58% of the older adolescent girls and 19% of the younger adolescent girls. Fifty-seven percent of the students had suffered severe victimization, and 53% had suffered moderate victimization. When the samples were separated by sex, it was observed that boys and girls who drank alcohol reported 2.6 and 1.8 times more severe victimization respectively, while alcohol was associated with 3.1 and 2.5 times greater prevalence of moderate victimization, among boys and girls respectively. When episodes of drunkenness were analyzed, it was observed that adolescents got drunk more than pre-adolescents...

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“…Acutely, EtOH causes motor control alterations, ataxia, and vertigo, increasing the risk of accidental injuries, which are responsible for millions of deaths around the world (Dinh-Zarr et al, 2004). Individuals with lower sensitivity to the acute motor impairing effects of EtOH have an increased risk of developing alcohol dependence and abuse (Schuckit, 1994), and infants with subtle delays in motor coordination development may have an increased risk for subsequently developing alcoholism (Manzardo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Potently Modulates Climbing Fiber→Purkinje Neuron Synapses: Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

Carta¹,

Mameli²,

Valenzuela³

2006

J. Neurosci.

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Consumption of alcoholic beverages produces alterations in motor coordination and equilibrium that are responsible for millions of accidental deaths. Studies indicate that ethanol produces these alterations by affecting the cerebellum, a brain region involved in the control of motor systems. Purkinje neurons of the cerebellar cortex have been shown to be particularly important targets of ethanol. However, its mechanism of action at these neurons is poorly understood. We hypothesized that ethanol could modulate Purkinje neuron function by altering the excitatory input provided by the climbing fiber from the inferior olive, which evokes a powerful all-or-none response denoted as the complex spike. To test this hypothesis, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological and Ca 2ϩ imaging experiments in acute slices from rat cerebella. We found that ethanol potently inhibits the late phase of the complex spike and that this effect is the result of inhibition of type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent responses at the postsynaptic level. Moreover, ethanol inhibited climbing fiber long-term depression, a form of synaptic plasticity that also depends on activation of these metabotropic receptors. Our findings identify the climbing fiber3 Purkinje neuron synapse as an important target of ethanol in the cerebellar cortex and indicate that ethanol significantly affects cerebellar circuits even at concentrations as low as 10 mM (legal blood alcohol level in the United States is below 0.08 g/dl ϭ 17 mM).

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Interventions for preventing injuries in problem drinkers

Cited by 54 publications

References 45 publications

Motivational interviewing versus feedback only in emergency care for young adult problem drinking

Motivational interviewing versus feedback only in emergency care for young adult problem drinking

Community violence and alcohol abuse among adolescents: a sex comparison

Alcohol Potently Modulates Climbing Fiber→Purkinje Neuron Synapses: Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

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