Intestinal adaptation to protein deficiency

Syme, Gabrielle; Smith, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/0309-1651(82)90181-3

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The inability of energy intake to affect enterocyte life span at an environmental temperature of 35 'C reflects the maintenance of an equilibrium existing between cell production rate and crypt-villus size. A similar effect has already been reported for rats fed different diets (Syme & Smith, 1982). The general extension of enterocyte life span at an environmental temperature of 10 'C and the possible additional dependence of enterocyte life span on energy intake at low environmental temperature, were both unexpected findings.…”

Section: Quantitative Autoradiography Of Alanine Uptake By Pig Intestinesupporting

confidence: 82%

Modification by diet and environmental temperature of enterocyte function in piglet intestine.

Dauncey¹,

Ingram²,

James³

et al. 1983

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Intestinal morphology, enterocyte life span and alanine transport have been studied in the small intestine of piglets fed different amounts of food at high and low environmental temperatures.2. Villus height and crypt depth were both greater in pigs maintained on a high energy intake. Environmental temperature produced negligible effects on intestinal structure.3. Enterocyte life span increased from 45 h in pigs kept at 35 0C to about 70 h in animals living at 10 'C. A low energy intake prolonged enterocyte life span at an environmental temperature of 10 'C.4. The Na-dependent fraction of alanine uptake, judged by analysis of autoradiographs and by measurement of alanine-dependent short-circuit current, was greater in intestines taken from pigs maintained on a restricted diet. This effect, which appeared to be due to changes in the number of carriers (Jm) rather than the apparent affinity of the carrier for the amino acid (Ki), was most noticeable using intestines taken from pigs kept at 10 'C.5. The Na-independent fraction of alanine uptake remained unchanged either by alterations in diet or in the environmental temperature at which pigs were kept.6. Restricting the diet of pigs at low environmental temperature leads to a relative increase in the capacity of the intestine to absorb alanine through an Na-dependent process. This increase appears to be caused by an extension of enterocyte life span rather than by any change in the time of onset or rate of expression of carrier function in a single enterocyte.

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Section: Quantitative Autoradiography Of Alanine Uptake By Pig Intestinesupporting

confidence: 82%

Modification by diet and environmental temperature of enterocyte function in piglet intestine.

Dauncey¹,

Ingram²,

James³

et al. 1983

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Many earlier studies which have concentrated on either transport across the entire tissue or on uptake across the brush-border membrane alone have been complicated by associated morphological changes. Often when the dietary composition is changed this produces either an altered protein intake which can markedly influence the structure of the intestine or alternatively the food intake changes (Syme & Smith, 1982;King, Paterson, Peacock, Smith & Syme, 1983). In the first case it is hard to pinpoint the mechanism of adaptation at the cellular or tissue level, for if food intake changes it is difficult to ascertain the exact dietary signal involved in producing the response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of glucose transport across rat enterocyte basolateral membrane in response to altered dietary carbohydrate intake.

Cheeseman

Harley

1991

The Journal of Physiology

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1. The effect of changes in the carbohydrate content of the diet on D‐glucose transport across the basolateral membrane of rat enterocytes has been compared with alterations in transport across the brush‐border membrane. 2. Measurement of carrier‐mediated D‐glucose uptake across the jejunal brush border from animals fed a low‐ or high‐carbohydrate diet showed a change in the maximal rate of transport by 7 days which was maintained for 14 days. The low‐carbohydrate diet produced a progressive decline in uptake whereas the high‐carbohydrate diet increased the transport. There was no alteration in the apparent affinity constant as a result of the dietary manipulations and no discernible trend for changes in the passive permeability to glucose. 3. Transport of D‐glucose across the basolateral membrane was also affected by the dietary composition. After 7 days the maximal transport rate was greater in the animals fed the high‐carbohydrate diet. However, while this increase was maintained for 14 days, uptake into vesicles prepared after 2 weeks on the low‐carbohydrate diet showed a return to control levels. 4. A detailed analysis of the time course of these responses showed the effect on basolateral membrane transport to be inducible within 3 days of switching from the low‐ to the high‐carbohydrate diet and could be reversed within a similar period. 5. Kinetic studies using purified basolateral membrane vesicles confirmed that the change in transport was the result of an increase in the maximal transport rate. Analysis of cytochalasin B binding to these membranes showed a parallel change in the number of glucose‐inhibitable binding sites. 6. The component of the diet responsible for these changes was further investigated by replacing the glucose in the high‐carbohydrate food with galactose, fructose, mannose or 3‐O‐methylglucose. Only glucose and fructose produced any significant change in the transport across the basolateral membrane. 7. It is concluded that in response to changes in the carbohydrate content of the diet there are alterations in the capacity for glucose transport across the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte as well as in the brush‐border membrane. The change in transport across the basolateral membrane is best explained by an increase in the number of glucose carriers in this membrane.

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“…There are numerous reports on the effects of protein level, protein quality and feed restrictions on the growth of broiler chickens [11,36,41]. The effects of feed restriction on the gross development and mucosal morphometry of chicks has also been examined by previous researchers [1,2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results indicate some negative effect of feed restriction on the development of the crypt in the jejunum. The crypt is the region associated with the renewal of the mucosa, both structurally and functionally [16,34,36]. The effect of feed restriction on the crypt did not, however, result in shorter villi, except at the lowest level of dietary protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary protein level, amino acid balance and feeding level on growth, gastrointestinal tract, and mucosal structure of the small intestine in broiler chickens

Swatson

Gous

Iji³

et al. 2002

Anim. Res.

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-In a factorial experiment, two series of feeds containing excess dietary protein, differing in amino acid balance (i.e. balanced (BPS) and unbalanced (UPS) amino acid mixture), and with a range of protein contents (400, 300 and 200 g CP·kg -1 ) at the same energy content of 13 MJ AME·kg -1 were offered at two levels of feeding (ad libitum or 0.75 of ad libitum intake) to 4320 broiler chickens between 10 and 24 days of age. Growth rate was significantly lowered by feed restriction. There was also a significant (P < 0.001) effect of dietary protein on the combined weight of the proventriculus and gizzard but only for the birds on the restricted feeding regime. Relative pancreatic weight increased (P < 0.001) with an increase in dietary protein level for the birds fed restricted amounts of BPS. The crypt depth of chicks on the ad libitum feeding regime was higher (P < 0.01) for the chicks on the BPS than for those on the UPS diet. The protein content of the jejunal mucosa was higher (P < 0.001) for birds fed ad libitum on the UPS diet than on the BPS diet. Daily feed allocation had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on jejunal protein content in birds that received the BPS diet, this being reduced in birds on restricted feeding. Maltase (P < 0.001) and sucrase (P < 0.01) activities were significantly reduced in chicks offered ad libitum access to the UPS diet. At high dietary CP, the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was lower (P < 0.001) in chicks on the UPS diet than in those fed the BPS diet. Anim. Res. 51 (2002) 501-515  INRA, EDP Sciences, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/animres:2002038Résumé -Effets de la concentration en protéines, de l'équilibre en acides aminés et du niveau d'ingestion de l'aliment sur la croissance, le développement du tube digestif et la structure de la muqueuse jéjunale chez le poulet de chair. Six aliments isoénergétiques (13 MJ EMa·kg -1 ) selon le plan factoriel : 3 concentrations en protéine brute (400, 300 et 200 PB g·kg -1 ) × 2 équilibres en acides aminés (BPS = équilibré, UPS = déséquilibré par rapport aux besoins), ont été offerts à deux niveaux d'ingestion (ad libitum ou 75 % de l'ad libitum) à 4320 poulets de chair entre 10 et 24 jours d'âge. La vitesse de croissance était significativement réduite par la restriction alimentaire. Un effet du taux protéique sur le poids combiné du proventricule et du gésier était significatif (P < 0,001) mais uniquement chez les poulets restreints. Le poids relatif du pancréas augmentait (P < 0,001) avec la concentration du régime protéines BPS chez les poulets restreints. La profondeur des cryptes des villi de l'intestin était plus profonde chez les poulets nourris ad libitum avec les régimes BPS par rapport aux régimes UPS (P < 0,01). La concentration en protéine de la muqueuse jéjunale était supérieure chez les poulets consommant ad libitum les régimes UPS par rapport à ceux ingérant les régimes BPS (P < 0,001). La restriction alimentaire réduisait également la teneur en protéine du jéjunum (P < 0,01) chez les poulets consommant les régim...

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Intestinal adaptation to protein deficiency

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Modification by diet and environmental temperature of enterocyte function in piglet intestine.

Modification by diet and environmental temperature of enterocyte function in piglet intestine.

Adaptation of glucose transport across rat enterocyte basolateral membrane in response to altered dietary carbohydrate intake.

Effect of dietary protein level, amino acid balance and feeding level on growth, gastrointestinal tract, and mucosal structure of the small intestine in broiler chickens

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