Intestinal hormones, gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Koukias, Nikolaos; Buzzetti, Elena; Tsochatzis, Emmanuel

doi:10.23736/s0391-1977.16.02567-0

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…With CC-SKO treatment, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased to close to that of the Control group. A study showed that fat feeding could promote certain gut bacteria such as Lactobacillus [21]. The results of this experiment showed that the structure of the liver tissue in the CCSKO group was similar to that in normal control group, and the structure was intact without degeneration and necrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Camphor Seed Kernel Oil Beneficial Effects the Gut Microbiota of the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Du³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common liver diseases globally and its negative impact has grad-ually attracted attention. Method: In order to explore whether camphor seed oil has a certain link effect on NAFLD, we identified its remodeling of intestinal flora and liver function index through the use of camphor seed kernel oil as food treatment (CCSKO). Results: Our results showed that camphor seed oil significantly improved the liver index, TG content and histopathology of the NAFLD mice compared with other groups. Meanwhile, we found significant differences in the intestinal microbiota of mice in different treatment groups. Discussion: The CCSKO treatment might significantly increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes, which were involved in many important metabolic activities in the human colon, including carbohydrate fermentation, utilization of nitrogenous substances, and biotransformation of bile acids and other steroids. Conclusions: These findings indicate a strong contribution in shaping the gut microbiota by treatment groups, shedding light on the impact of camphor tree seed kernel oil on gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Camphor Seed Kernel Oil Beneficial Effects the Gut Microbiota of the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Du³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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“…The gut microbiota participates in intestinal energy metabolism, and their implication in the pathogenesis of obesity and MASLD is being increasingly recognized. Similarly, intestinal hormone pathways are potential therapeutic targets for the management of MASLD [ 151 ]. Newly identified targeted drugs like PPAR agonists, FXR agonists, and THR-β agonists are currently being investigated in clinical trials and are anticipated to be applied for the treatment of MASLD.…”

Section: Research Prospects For Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated mechanisms of MASLD pathogenesis

Li,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Lipids Health Dis

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has garnered considerable attention globally. Changing lifestyles, over-nutrition, and physical inactivity have promoted its development. MASLD is typically accompanied by obesity and is strongly linked to metabolic syndromes. Given that MASLD prevalence is on the rise, there is an urgent need to elucidate its pathogenesis. Hepatic lipid accumulation generally triggers lipotoxicity and induces MASLD or progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, organelle dysfunction, and ferroptosis. Recently, significant attention has been directed towards exploring the role of gut microbial dysbiosis in the development of MASLD, offering a novel therapeutic target for MASLD. Considering that there are no recognized pharmacological therapies due to the diversity of mechanisms involved in MASLD and the difficulty associated with undertaking clinical trials, potential targets in MASLD remain elusive. Thus, this article aimed to summarize and evaluate the prominent roles of lipotoxicity, ferroptosis, and gut microbes in the development of MASLD and the mechanisms underlying their effects. Furthermore, existing advances and challenges in the treatment of MASLD were outlined.

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“…Extrahepatic inflammatory factors can contribute to the onset and progression of NAFLD, such as adipokines [21] and gut hormones [22]. For example, pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted from adipose tissues and intestinal epithelium cells, such as IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α can transfer into the liver to induce immune cell activation [23,24].…”

Section: Metabolic Diseases-associated Extrahepatic Inflammation and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, adipokines derived from obese tissues (e.g., brown adipose tissues) can be delivered into the liver to cause hepatic inflammation [26]. For example, an increase in circulating leptin levels and a decrease in adiponectin levels are associated with the increased severity of NAFLD [21]. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines secreted from adipose tissue can impact systemic inflammation, including liver tissues.…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of adipokines (e.g., increase of leptin levels and decrease of adiponectin levels) Induce hepatic inflammation [21] Adipose tissue insulin resistance Increase hepatic TG accumulation [27] Obesity Production of FFAs Increase hepatic steatosis [28] High levels of FPG Increase liver DNL [33,36] Insulin resistance Downregulation of CYP7B1 expression Increase hepatic cholesterol accumulation [34] Continual hyperglycemia T2DM…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular mechanisms of metabolic disease-associated hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Zhang,

Sui,

Liu

et al. 2023

Explor Dig Dis

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide, with a progressive form of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It may progress to advanced liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD/NASH is a comorbidity of many metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. These metabolic diseases are often accompanied by systemic or extrahepatic inflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD or NASH. Metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, impact the function, inflammation, and death of hepatocytes, the primary parenchymal cells in the liver tissue. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells that line the bile ducts, can differentiate into proliferative hepatocytes in chronic liver injury. In addition, hepatic non-parenchymal cells, including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and innate and adaptive immune cells, are involved in liver inflammation. Proteins such as fibroblast growth factors, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylases, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 are involved in liver metabolism and inflammation, which are potential targets for NASH treatment. This review focuses on the effects of metabolic disease-induced extrahepatic inflammation, liver inflammation, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver metabolism on the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH, as well as the associated treatments.

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Intestinal hormones, gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cited by 23 publications

References 65 publications

Camphor Seed Kernel Oil Beneficial Effects the Gut Microbiota of the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice

Camphor Seed Kernel Oil Beneficial Effects the Gut Microbiota of the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice

Updated mechanisms of MASLD pathogenesis

Molecular mechanisms of metabolic disease-associated hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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