Intestinal Lipid Absorption

Sun, William; Lo, Chun–Min; Tso, Patrick

doi:10.1002/9781444303254.ch18

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(263 reference statements)

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“…By contrast, lipid levels were moderate in the duodenal enterocytes of Fog2 Rb−/Rb− mice, and significant in the jejunum and ileum. The enterocytes of the proximal intestine (duodenum) absorb dietary lipids efficiently, leaving no luminal lipid residue for absorption by distal (ileal) enterocytes (Sun, Lo, & Tso, ). Our results indicate that Fog2 Rb−/Rb− mice absorb dietary lipids inefficiently, leaving residual amounts of lipid for absorption in the jejunum and ileum (Figure c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The integrity of the FOG‐2 LXCXE pRb‐binding motif is required for small intestine homeostasis

Goupille

Kadri

Langelé

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Do Fog2Rb−/Rb− mice present a defect of small intestine homeostasis? What is the main finding and its importance?The importance of interactions between FOG‐2 and pRb in adipose tissue physiology has previously been demonstrated. Here it is shown that this interaction is also intrinsic to small intestine homeostasis and exerts extrinsic control over mouse metabolism. Thus, this association is involved in maintaining small intestine morphology, and regulating crypt proliferation and lineage differentiation. It therefore affects mouse growth and adaptation to a high‐fat diet. Abstract GATA transcription factors and their FOG cofactors play a key role in tissue‐specific development and differentiation, from worms to humans. We have shown that GATA‐1 and FOG‐2 contain an LXCXE pRb‐binding motif. Interactions between retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and GATA‐1 are crucial for erythroid proliferation and differentiation, whereas the LXCXE pRb‐binding site of FOG‐2 is involved in adipogenesis. Fog2‐knock‐in mice have defective pRb binding and are resistant to obesity, due to efficient white‐into‐brown fat conversion. Our aim was to investigate the pathophysiological impact of FOG‐2–pRb interaction on the small intestine and mouse growth. Histological analysis of the small intestine revealed architectural changes in Fog2Rb−/Rb− mice, including villus shortening, with crypt expansion and a change in muscularis propria thickness. These differences were more marked in the proximo‐distal part of the small intestine and were associated with an increase in crypt cell proliferation and disruption of the goblet and Paneth cell lineage. The small intestine of the mutants was unable to adapt to a high‐fat diet, and had significantly lower plasma lipid levels on such a diet. Fog2Rb−/Rb− mice displayed higher levels of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide release, and lower levels of insulin‐like growth factor I release on a regular diet. Their intestinal lipid absorption was impaired, resulting in restricted weight gain. In addition to the intrinsic effects of the mutation on adipose tissue, we show here an extrinsic relationship between the intestine and the effect of FOG‐2 mutation on mouse metabolism. In conclusion, the interaction of FOG‐2 with pRb coordinates the crypt–villus axis and controls small intestine homeostasis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The integrity of the FOG‐2 LXCXE pRb‐binding motif is required for small intestine homeostasis

Goupille

Kadri

Langelé

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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“…These molecules are incorporated into mixed micelles with bile acids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins and phospholipids. Micelles can then diffuse to the epithelium where the fatty acids can enter epithelial cells by passive diffusion or through the activity of specific transporters in the small intestine and colon (Stahl et al 1999;Sun et al 2009).…”

Section: Intestinal Epithelial Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed above, fluid movement in the intestine is driven by osmotic gradients, which are in turn established by active transepithelial ion transport. Fluid secretion into the lumen is primarily driven by the secretion of Cl − ions and studies from several models have shown that this process is attenuated in conditions of hypoxia (Taylor et al 1998;Ibla et al 2006;Thwaites & Anderson, 2007;Keely et al 2009;Sun et al 2009;Zheng et al 2009). While inhibition of Na + /K + -ATPase pump activity is likely to play an important role in this effect, several studies indicate that other transport proteins that comprise the secretory pathway are also affected.…”

Section: Impact Of Hypoxia On Fluid and Electrolyte Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen in the regulation of intestinal epithelial transport

Ward

Keely

2014

The Journal of Physiology

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The transport of fluid, nutrients and electrolytes to and from the intestinal lumen is a primary function of epithelial cells. Normally, the intestine absorbs approximately 9 l of fluid and 1 kg of nutrients daily, driven by epithelial transport processes that consume large amounts of cellular energy and O 2 . The epithelium exists at the interface of the richly vascularised mucosa, and the anoxic luminal environment and this steep O 2 gradient play a key role in determining the expression pattern of proteins involved in fluid, nutrient and electrolyte transport. However, the dynamic nature of the splanchnic circulation necessitates that the epithelium can evoke co-ordinated responses to fluctuations in O 2 availability, which occur either as a part of the normal digestive process or as a consequence of several pathophysiological conditions. While it is known that hypoxia-responsive signals, such as reactive oxygen species, AMP-activated kinase, hypoxia-inducible factors, and prolyl hydroxylases are all important in regulating epithelial responses to altered O 2 supply, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved is still limited. Here, we aim to review the current literature regarding the role that O 2 plays in regulating intestinal transport processes and to highlight areas of research that still need to be addressed.

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Digestion and Absorption

Johnson¹

2007

Gastrointestinal Physiology

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Intestinal Lipid Absorption

Cited by 10 publications

References 208 publications

The integrity of the FOG‐2 LXCXE pRb‐binding motif is required for small intestine homeostasis

The integrity of the FOG‐2 LXCXE pRb‐binding motif is required for small intestine homeostasis

Oxygen in the regulation of intestinal epithelial transport

Digestion and Absorption

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