Intestinal microbiome-gut-brain axis and irritable bowel syndrome

Moser, Gabriele; Fournier, Carl; Peter, Johannes

doi:10.1007/s10354-017-0592-0

Cited by 77 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A connection between the faecal microbiota’s composition and function and psychological disorders seems to be established, but it is poorly understood [ 7 , 9 ]. The connection is not explained by one or a few species or genus [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional link between the gut and the brain and of importance for various psychobiological disorders, such as anxiety, depression, fatigue, stress reactions, pain syndromes, and functional gastrointestinal disorders [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The absolute or relative amounts of the gut microbes per se and the microbes’ metabolic products are possible mediators of the gut-brain effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Faecal Microbial Markers and Psychobiological Disorders in Subjects with Morbid Obesity. A Cross-Sectional Study

Farup

Valeur

2018

Behavioral Sciences

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Morbidly obese subjects have a high prevalence of comorbidity and gut microbial dysbiosis, and are thus suitable for the study of gut-brain interactions. The aim was to study the associations between the faecal microbiota’s composition and function and psychobiological comorbidity in subjects with BMI > 40 kg/m2 or >35 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications. The faecal microbiota was assessed with GA-Map dysbiosis test ™ (Genetic Analysis, Oslo Norway) and reported as dysbiosis (yes/no) and degree of dysbiosis, and the relative abundance of 39 bacteria. The microbiota’s function was assessed by measuring the absolute and relative amount of faecal short chain fatty acids. Associations were made with well-being, mental distress, fatigue, food intolerance, musculoskeletal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and degree of abdominal complaints. One hundred and two subjects were included. The results confirmed the high prevalence of comorbidity and dysbiosis (62/102; 61%) and showed a high prevalence of significant associations (41/427; 10%) between the microbiota’s composition and function and the psychobiological disorders. The abundant, but in part divergent, associations supported the close gut-brain interaction but revealed no clear-cut and straightforward communication pathways. On the contrary, the study illustrates the complexity of gut-brain interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal Microbial Markers and Psychobiological Disorders in Subjects with Morbid Obesity. A Cross-Sectional Study

Farup

Valeur

2018

Behavioral Sciences

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“…At intestinal level, an increasing number of studies characterizing the intestinal gut microbiota have shown that perturbations of gut microbiota are associated with the development of different diseases, such as colorectal cancer [ 7 , 8 ], Crohn’s disease [ 9 ], irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [ 10 ], neurological [ 11 ] or renal diseases [ 12 ] and, in most cases, a loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function-produced by pro-inflammatory compounds such as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide LPS has been identified [ 2 , 10 , 12 ]. At the nasal epithelium, results of in vitro studies suggest that epithelial tight junctions may be affected by protease activities of pollen and house dust mite allergens in allergic rhinitis, leading to an abnormally permeable epithelium with alterations in the tight junctions (changes in expression and localization of tight junction proteins) [ 3 , 5 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xyloglucan, a Plant Polymer with Barrier Protective Properties over the Mucous Membranes: An Overview

Piqué

Gómez‐Guillén

Montero

2018

IJMS

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Disruption of the epithelial barrier function has been recently associated with a variety of diseases, mainly at intestinal level, but also affecting the respiratory epithelium and other mucosal barriers. Non-pharmacological approaches such as xyloglucan, with demonstrated protective barrier properties, are proposed as new alternatives for the management of a wide range of diseases, for which mucosal disruption and, particularly, tight junction alterations, is a common characteristic. Xyloglucan, a natural polysaccharide derived from tamarind seeds, possesses a “mucin-like” molecular structure that confers mucoadhesive properties, allowing xyloglucan formulations to act as a barrier capable of reducing bacterial adherence and invasion and to preserve tight junctions and paracellular flux, as observed in different in vitro and in vivo studies. In clinical trials, xyloglucan has been seen to reduce symptoms of gastroenteritis in adults and children, nasal disorders and dry eye syndrome. Similar mucosal protectors containing reticulated proteins have also been useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and urinary tract infections. The role of xyloglucan in other disorders with mucosal disruption, such as dermatological or other infectious diseases, deserves further research. In conclusion, xyloglucan, endowed with film-forming protective barrier properties, is a safe non-pharmacological alternative for the management of different diseases, such as gastrointestinal and nasal disorders.

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“…Patients are stratified into four subtypes based on the predominant bowel habit: constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), mixed IBS (IBS-M) and unclassified IBS (IBS-U) [1]. Although the precise etiology of IBS remains unknown, the possible mechanisms include visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility dysfunction, immunomodulation disturbances, gut microbiota alterations and an imbalance in brain-gut axis interactions [7][8][9][10]. In addition, new microbiological symptoms following acute infectious gastroenteritis might also suggest a microbiological pathogenesis for IBS [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-course Rifaximin therapy is effective and safe in patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Zhuang

Tian

Luo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background and Aim Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), a manifestation of gut dysbiosis, is associated with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). Rifaximin could effectively and safely improve IBS symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rifaximin on Chinese IBS-D patients.Methods This study included 78 IBS-D patients defined by the Rome IV criteria. Patients received 400 mg rifaximin twice daily for 2 weeks and participated in a 10-week follow-up. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, quality of life (QOL) and lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT) results were assessed before and after treatment. Results All participants showed significant improvements in all GI symptom subdomains after rifaximin treatment (all P < 0.05), which were maintained for at least 10 weeks of follow-up. Additionally, QOL scores were increased with concomitant improvement of clinical symptoms (all P < 0.05). The 45 rifaximin-responsive patients (57.7%) achieved significantly greater GI-symptom improvement than non-responders (all P < 0.05). No GI symptoms were associated with the presence of SIBO (all P > 0.05). SIBO normalization after rifaximin treatment measured by LHBT was found in 44.4% (20/45) of patients with SIBO before treatment. Conclusion A short course (2 weeks) of rifaximin effectively and safely improved GI symptoms and QOL in Chinese patients with IBS-D. However, it did not eradicate SIBO completely, indicating that rifaximin might not be closely associated with LHBT normalization and that an additional therapeutic mechanism of rifaximin is urgently needed.

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Intestinal microbiome-gut-brain axis and irritable bowel syndrome

Cited by 77 publications

References 63 publications

Faecal Microbial Markers and Psychobiological Disorders in Subjects with Morbid Obesity. A Cross-Sectional Study

Faecal Microbial Markers and Psychobiological Disorders in Subjects with Morbid Obesity. A Cross-Sectional Study

Xyloglucan, a Plant Polymer with Barrier Protective Properties over the Mucous Membranes: An Overview

Short-course Rifaximin therapy is effective and safe in patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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