Intestinal Microbiota as Modulators of the Immune System

Sánchez, Borja; Gueimonde, Miguel; Peña, Amado Salvador; Bernardo, David

doi:10.1155/2015/159094

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This result agreed with a previous study showing that Lactobacillus johnsonii XS4 supplementation increased the serum IgG concentration in sows [30]. However, the mecha nism for enhancing immune function by P. acidilactici was not clear, the reason might be that the probiotic could reg ulate intestinal microflora and stimulate intestinal tissue to produce immunoglobulin [31,32]. In addition, the enhance ment of immunoglobulin in serum could be beneficial to piglets because immunoglobulin can be translocated from blood to colostrum [33,34], which provides humoral immune protection for the newborn piglets and possibly protects them against potential diseases [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici ZPA017 on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation

Liu

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) ZPA017 as a probiotic on reproductive perfor mance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. Methods: A total of 94 sows (Large White×Yorkshire, average 4.50 parities) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: control diet and the diet supplemented with P. acidilactici ZPA017 (2.40×10 9 colonyforming unit/kg of diets). The study started at d 90 of gestation and conducted until d 28 of lactation. Results: Compared to sows fed the control diet, supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased the number of weaning piglets, weaning weight of litter and piglets, survival rate of piglets at weaning (p<0.05), and decreased diarrhea rate of piglets in lactation (p<0.05). Dietary P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased fecal Lactobacillus populations (p = 0.030) and reduced fecal Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus populations (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. Moreover, the supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and total protein (p<0.05), while decreased serum haptoglobin concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. Conclusion: Administration of P. acidilactici ZPA017 in diets during late gestation and lac tation had positive effects on the reproductive performance, intestinal microflora balance and immunity of sows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici ZPA017 on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation

Liu

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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“…It is well known that the gut microbiome plays an important immune and metabolic function and that alterations of gut microbe communities can modulate systemic immune changes. 22,33 The means by which the microbiota impact Mtb infection are being investigated in small animal models, and it appears that pulmonary Mtb infection alters gut microbe diversity as there is a rapid loss of microbial diversity in the gut following aerosol infection in mouse models. 34 Further, manipulating the gut microbiome in mice can impact the control of the bacterial burden in the lung and alter the immune correlates in these mice.…”

Section: Changing the Odds: How Environment Skews Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological roulette: Luck or something more? Considering the connections between host and environment in TB

2018

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Accurate prediction of which patient will progress from a sub-clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis represents an elusive, yet critical, clinical research objective. From the individual perspective, progression can be considered to be the product of a series of unfortunate events or even a run of bad luck. Here, we identify the subtle physiological relationships that can influence the odds of progression to active TB and how this progression may reflect directed dysbiosis in a number of interrelated systems. Most infected individuals who progress to disease have apparently good immune responses, but these responses are, at times, compromised by either local or systemic environmental factors. Obvious disease promoting processes, such as tissue-damaging granulomata, usually manifest in the lung, but illness is systemic. This apparent dichotomy between local and systemic reflects a clear need to define the factors that promote progression to active disease within the context of the body as a physiological whole. We discuss aspects of the host environment that can impact expression of immunity, including the microbiome, glucocorticoid-mediated regulation, catecholamines and interaction between the gut, liver and lung. We suggest the importance of integrating precision medicine into our analyses of experimental outcomes such that apparently conflicting results are not contentious, but rather reflect the impact of these subtle relationships with our environment and microbiota.

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“…Bacterial microbiota influence diverse aspects of metazoan development and physiology (1)(2)(3)(4). Notable examples include colonization and fluorescence of Aliivibrio fischeri in the light organ of the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) (5,6), participation in digestion and metabolism in phyla from poriferans to chordates (7,8), and numerous studies linking bacterial dysbiosis to immune dysfunction and disease in diverse animal taxa [e.g., corals (9), sponges (10), honeybees (11), and mammals (4,(12)(13)(14)(15)]. However, much remains to be understood regarding the acquisition of bacterial microbiota and their interactions with the immune systems of developing hosts-for instance, the roles of microbial exposure on immune development and function, potential trade-offs between growth and immunity, and whether natural microbiota can be meaningfully reproduced in the laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Exposure Mediates Developmental Plasticity and Resistance to Lethal Vibrio lentus Infection in Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) Larvae

et al. 2020

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Exposure to and colonization by bacteria during development have wide-ranging beneficial effects on animal biology but can also inhibit growth or cause disease. The immune system is the prime mediator of these microbial interactions and is itself shaped by them. Studies using diverse animal taxa have begun to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and transmission of bacterial symbionts and their interactions with developing immune systems. Moreover, the contexts of these associations are often confounded by stark differences between "wild type" microbiota and the bacterial communities associated with animals raised in conventional or germ-free laboratories. In this study, we investigate the spatio-temporal kinetics of bacterial colonization and associated effects on growth and immune function in larvae of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) as a model for host-microbe interactions and immune system development. We also compare the host-associated microbiota of developing embryos and larvae raised in natural seawater or exposed to adult-associated bacteria in the laboratory. Bacteria associated with zygotes, embryos, and early larvae are detectable with 16S amplicon sequencing, but 16S-FISH indicates that the vast majority of larval bacterial load is acquired after feeding begins and is localized to the gut lumen. The bacterial communities of laboratory-cultured embryos are significantly less diverse than the natural microbiota but recapitulate its major components (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes), suggesting that biologically relevant host-microbe interactions can be studied in the laboratory. We also demonstrate that bacterial exposure in early development induces changes in morphology and in the immune system. In the absence of bacteria, larvae grow larger at the 4-arm stage. Additionally, Schuh et al.Bacteria-Mediated Developmental Plasticity bacteria-exposed larvae are significantly more resistant to lethal infection with the larva-associated pathogen Vibrio lentus suggesting that early exposure to high levels of microbes, as would be expected in natural conditions, affects the immune state in later larvae. These results expand our knowledge of microbial influences on early sea urchin development and establish a model in which to study the interactions between the developing larval immune system and the acquisition of larval microbiota.

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Intestinal Microbiota as Modulators of the Immune System

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici ZPA017 on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation

Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici ZPA017 on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation

Immunological roulette: Luck or something more? Considering the connections between host and environment in TB

Bacterial Exposure Mediates Developmental Plasticity and Resistance to Lethal Vibrio lentus Infection in Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) Larvae

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