Intestinal microbiota in liver disease

Haque, Tanvir; Barritt, A. Sidney

doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2016.02.004

Cited by 68 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Because the majority of the venous blood from the intestinal tract is drained into the portal circulation, the liver is hence the first organ to encounter absorbed nutrients and gut‐derived bacteria and pathogens. If the gut barrier is disrupted and allows microbial products and even viable bacteria to translocate from the digestive lumen to the live, potential damage is therefore introduced to the liver . In general, our data demonstrated TRF group was more inclined to ketogenic metabolic mode, one of the most evident proof was that the abundance of Firmicutes phylum in TRF mice largely exceeded that in AL mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Alteration in gut microbiota caused by time‐restricted feeding alleviate hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury in mice

Ren

Mao

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Time‐restricted feeding ( TRF ), that is, no caloric intake for 14‐16 hours each day leads to favourable nutritional outcomes. This study is the first to investigate TRF through a surgical perspective verifying its efficacy against liver ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. We randomly assigned 100 10‐week‐old wild‐type male C57 BL /6 mice into two feeding regimens: TRF and ad libitum access to food. Main outcomes were evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 hours post‐I/R surgery after 12 weeks of intervention. TRF group demonstrated minor liver injury via histological study; lower serum levels of liver enzymes, glucose and lipids; higher concentrations of free fatty acid and β‐hydroxybutyrate; decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers; as well as less severe cell apoptosis and proliferation. Further exploration indicated better gut microenvironment and intestinal epithelial tight junction function. TRF employed its positive influence on a wide spectrum of biochemical pathways and ultimately revealed protective effect against hepatic I/R injury possibly through adjusting the gut microbiota. The results referred to a strong indication of adopting better feeding pattern for surgical patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Alteration in gut microbiota caused by time‐restricted feeding alleviate hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury in mice

Ren

Mao

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…This relationship involves the gut microbiome, the composition of which may be linked to neuropsychiatric diseases (Mu et al, 2016; Yarandi et al, 2016). Another important role of the natural microbiome is liver homeostasis, since bacterial metabolites in dysbiosis can be linked to the pathogenesis of liver disease (Haque and Barritt, 2016). Microbial metabolites belonging to short-chain fatty acids (butyrate) may affect the whole system of the host, even mitigating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the most probably by regulation of histone acetylation (Mathewson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations of Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome Composition

Dąbrowska

Witkiewicz

2016

Front. Microbiol.

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The human gut microbiome has a considerable impact on host health. The long list of microbiome-related health disorders raises the question of what in fact determines microbiome composition. In this review we sought to understand how the host itself impacts the structure of the gut microbiota population, specifically by correlations of host genetics and gut microbiome composition. Host genetic profile has been linked to differences in microbiome composition, thus suggesting that host genetics can shape the gut microbiome of the host. However, cause-consequence mechanisms behind these links are still unclear. A survey of the possible mechanisms allowing host genetics to shape microbiota composition in the gut demonstrated the major role of metabolic functions and the immune system. A considerable impact of other factors, such as diet, may outweigh the effects of host genetic background. More studies are necessary for good understanding of the relations between the host genetic profile, gut microbiome composition, and host health. According to the idea of personalized medicine, patient-tailored management of microbiota content remains a fascinating area for further inquiry.

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“…Consequently, long‐term heavy drinking is the major cause of alcoholic liver disease (Addolorato et al., ), which is the world's leading cause of morbidity and liver‐related death and encompasses serious entities, such as hepatitis (liver inflammation), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (Orman et al., ). Like alcoholic liver diseases, AUD is associated with tissue injury and organ failure (Haque and Barritt, ). However, only a minority of people with AUD develop EtOH‐induced pathology (Kirpich and McClain, ), indicating that factors other than EtOH may cause adverse health effects (Cresci, ; Engen et al., ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Injury, Endotoxemia, and Their Relationship to Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Alcohol‐Preferring Rats

Posteraro

Sterbini

Petito

et al. 2018

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: There is strong evidence that alcoholism leads to dysbiosis in both humans and animals. However, it is unclear how changes in the intestinal microbiota (IM) relate to ethanol (EtOH)induced disruption of gut-liver homeostasis. We investigated this issue using selectively bred Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats, a validated animal model of excessive EtOH consumption.Methods: Independent groups of male adult sP rats were exposed to the standard, home-cage 2-bottle "EtOH (10% v/v) versus water" choice regimen with unlimited access for 24 h/d (Group Et) for 3 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 (T3) consecutive months. Control groups (Group Ct) were composed of matchedage EtOH-na€ ıve sP rats. We obtained samples from each rat at the end of each experimental time, and we used blood and colon tissues for intestinal barrier integrity and/or liver pathology assessments and used stool samples for IM analysis with 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: Rats in Group Et developed hepatic steatosis and elevated serum transaminases and endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels but no other liver pathological changes (i.e., necrosis/inflammation) or systemic inflammation. While we did not find any apparent alteration of the intestinal colonic mucosa, we found that rats in Group Et exhibited significant changes in IM composition compared to the rats in Group Ct. These changes were sustained throughout T1, T2, and T3. In particular, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, and Streptococcus were the differentially abundant microbial genera at T3. The KEGG Ortholog profile revealed that IM functional modules, such as biosynthesis, transport, and export of LPS, were also enriched in Group Et rats at T3.Conclusions: We showed that chronic, voluntary EtOH consumption induced liver injury and endotoxemia together with dysbiotic changes in sP rats. This work sets the stage for improving our knowledge of the prevention and treatment of EtOH-related diseases.

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Intestinal microbiota in liver disease

Cited by 68 publications

References 72 publications

Alteration in gut microbiota caused by time‐restricted feeding alleviate hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury in mice

Alteration in gut microbiota caused by time‐restricted feeding alleviate hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury in mice

Correlations of Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome Composition

Liver Injury, Endotoxemia, and Their Relationship to Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Alcohol‐Preferring Rats

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