Intestinal parasites increase the dietary lysine requirement in chronically undernourished Indian men

Kurpad, Anura V; Regan, Meredith M.; Nazareth, D.; Nagaraj, S.; Gnanou, Justin; Young, Vernon R.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.6.1145

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, studies in South Asian and rural Indian communities have found parasitic infection in ≤97.4% of the population (30). Such infections increase lysine requirements by ∼50% in adults and in children who are marginally stunted by ∼20% (35,36). The combination of parasitic infestation in addition to consumption of lysine-poor foods exacerbates lysine deficit in an already undernourished population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysine Requirements of Healthy Pregnant Women are Higher During Late Stages of Gestation Compared to Early Gestation

Payne

Stephens

Lim

et al. 2018

The Journal of Nutrition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysine Requirements of Healthy Pregnant Women are Higher During Late Stages of Gestation Compared to Early Gestation

Payne

Stephens

Lim

et al. 2018

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…The difference was small but nevertheless significant. A published observation suggests that intestinal infestation with parasites increased the dietary requirement for lysine, especially in chronically undernourished men in India (24). One of the hall-marks of host immune responses to intestinal parasitic infection in animals, including ruminants, is increased hepatic synthesis and gastrointestinal losses of protein high in sulfur-containing amino acids, such as cysteine and methionine (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the Porcine Colon Microbiota Induced by the Gastrointestinal Nematode Trichuris suis

Li¹,

et al. 2012

Infect Immun

190

222

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ABSTRACTHelminth parasites ensure their survival by regulating host immunity through mechanisms that dampen inflammation. These properties have recently been exploited therapeutically to treat human diseases. The biocomplexity of the intestinal lumen suggests that interactions between the parasite and the intestinal microbiota would also influence inflammation. In this study, we characterized the microbiota in the porcine proximal colon in response toTrichuris suis(whipworm) infection using 16S rRNA gene-based and whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing. A 21-dayT. suisinfection in four pigs induced a significant change in the composition of the proximal colon microbiota compared to that of three parasite-naive pigs. Among the 15 phyla identified, the abundances ofProteobacteriaandDeferribactereswere changed in infected pigs. The abundances of approximately 13% of genera were significantly altered by infection. Changes in relative abundances ofSuccinivibrioandMucispirillum, for example, may relate to alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and niche disruptions in mucosal interfaces induced by parasitic infection, respectively. Of note, infection byT. suisled to a significant shift in the metabolic potential of the proximal colon microbiota, where 26% of all metabolic pathways identified were affected. Besides carbohydrate metabolism, lysine biosynthesis was repressed as well. A metabolomic analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the luminal contents showed a relative absence in infected pigs of cofactors for carbohydrate and lysine biosynthesis, as well as an accumulation of oleic acid, suggesting altered fatty acid absorption contributing to local inflammation. Our findings should facilitate development of strategies for parasitic control in pigs and humans.

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“…Deficiencies in lysine intake decrease protein synthesis and cause weight loss in infants [7]. In addition, protein and amino acid requirements increase during chronic malnutrition and acute infectious disease states, which are commonly present in many developing countries [8, 9]. Under an inflammatory state, non-essential amino acids such as glutamine and arginine become conditionally essential [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Concept of Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve the Growth of Young Malnourished Male Rats

Furuta¹,

Murakami²

2018

Ann Nutr Metab

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Backgrounds/Aims: This study was aimed at understanding the relationship between plasma amino acids and protein malnutrition and at determining whether amino acid supplementation associated with malnutrition and growth improves linear growth in growing rats. Methods: Body length and plasma amino acids were measured in young male rats that were fed the following diet for 3 weeks, mimicking a low and imbalanced protein diets based on maize, a major staple consumed in developing countries: a 70% calorically restricted cornmeal-based diet (C), C + micronutrients (CM), CM + casein (CMC), CM + soy protein (CMS) or CMS + 0.3% lysine. Results: A correlation analysis of linear growth and plasma amino acids indicated that lysine, tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, methionine, and phenylalanine significantly correlated with body length. Supplementation with these 5 amino acids (AA1) significantly improved the body length in rats compared to CMC treatment whereas, nitrogen-balanced amino acid supplemented controls (AA2) did not (CM +1.2 ± 0.2, CMC +2.7 ± 0.3, CMS +2.1 ± 0.3, AA1 +2.8 ± 0.2, and AA2 +2.5 ± 0.3 cm). Conclusion: With securing proper amino acid balance, supplementing growth-related amino acids is more effective in improving linear growth in malnourished growing male rats. Analysis of the correlation between plasma amino acids and growth represents a powerful tool to determine candidate amino acids for supplementation to prevent malnutrition. This technology is adaptable to children in developing countries.

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Intestinal parasites increase the dietary lysine requirement in chronically undernourished Indian men

Abstract: On the basis of the 24-h indicator amino acid balance approach, it appears that intestinal infestation with parasites increases the requirement for lysine and that this may be one factor responsible for the higher lysine requirement observed in persons with chronic undernutrition.

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Lysine Requirements of Healthy Pregnant Women are Higher During Late Stages of Gestation Compared to Early Gestation

Lysine Requirements of Healthy Pregnant Women are Higher During Late Stages of Gestation Compared to Early Gestation

Alterations in the Porcine Colon Microbiota Induced by the Gastrointestinal Nematode Trichuris suis

A Novel Concept of Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve the Growth of Young Malnourished Male Rats

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