Intra- and inter-specific competition for winter concealment habitat in juvenile salmonids

Harwood, Andrew; Metcalfe, Neil B.; Griffiths, Siân Wyn; Armstrong, J. D.

doi:10.1139/f02-119

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition, solid anchor ice formation at the head of Glide 1 site further exacerbated the situation by precluding parr from using some portions of the enhanced section. Intra-specific competition for daytime refuges has been shown to be intense in winter and sharing of sheltering locations is uncommon (Harwood et al, 2002). Therefore, it may have been profitable to migrate into the control area where only a few conspecifics were present and no resource competition (for shelters) was apparent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ice matter? Site fidelity and movements by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr during winter in a substrate enhanced river reach

Linnansaari

Alfredsen

Stickler

et al. 2008

River Research & Apps

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In-stream habitat enhancement is a common remedial action in rivers where degradation/lack of suitable fish habitat can be diagnosed. However, post-project monitoring to assess the response of the biota to modification is rare particularly during winter. We conducted in situ monitoring during the winters of [2004][2005][2006] in the regulated Dalåa River, central Norway, in order to determine if winter habitat requirements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr were realized in an enhanced (substrate and mesohabitat modification) reach. In total, 140 parr were marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and the fish were followed by carrying out active tracking surveys under variable ice conditions throughout the winter. Highest emigration (44%) occurred before ice formation started. Emigration was reduced after ice formed and was largely offset by parr re-entering the enhanced area. Dispersal into the non-enhanced, small substrate control area was observed only when the study reach was ice covered, and no parr were subsequently encountered in the control section after ice had melted. In the enhanced area, declining water temperature and surface ice conditions did not affect the spatial distribution of the resident salmon parr at the studied scale. Areas with 'solid' anchor ice precluded access for salmon parr whilst areas with 'patchy' anchor were used throughout the winter. Our results indicate that surface ice creates conditions that allow salmon parr to use stream habitats that otherwise provide only a limited amount of in-stream cover. Ice processes should be taken into consideration when habitat enhancement projects are carried out and subsequently assessed for effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ice matter? Site fidelity and movements by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr during winter in a substrate enhanced river reach

Linnansaari

Alfredsen

Stickler

et al. 2008

River Research & Apps

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“…Examples of habitat loss leading to increased competition for shelter have been found in other aquatic communities, including juvenile salmonids (Harwood et al 2002), crayfish (Vorburger and Ribi 1999) and small reef fishes (Boström-Einarsson et al 2014). This not only causes significant increased metabolic costs through increased competitive interactions (Forrester et al 2006) but also increased mortality among losing species that are outcompeted for shelter (Holbrook and Schmitt 2002;Hobbs and Munday 2004;Hixon and Jones 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition for shelter in a high-diversity system: structure use by large reef fishes

Kerry

Bellwood

2015

Coral Reefs

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Competition among large reef fishes for shelter beneath tabular structures provides a rare opportunity to study competition in a species-rich environment. The system permits a detailed study of localised competition with major implications for coral reefs with respect to human impacts including climate change. Using underwater video cameras, this study examined competition among 30 species of large reef fishes (from nine families) for access to shelter provided by 26 tabular structures, which may be the highest reported diversity of vertebrates competing for a single resource. Mean concentrations of fishes under tabular structures were also among the highest biomass recorded on reefs (4.71 kg m -2 ). A generated dominance hierarchy for the occupation of shelter appeared to be primarily driven by the size of fishes. In contrast to previous studies, fishes higher in the hierarchy tended to exhibit the lowest levels of aggression. However, size difference between fishes was found to be strongly negatively correlated with the proportion of aggressive interactions (R 2 = 0.971, P \ 0.0001). The strong competition for the shade provided by these corals highlights concerns about future shifts in the structure of large reef fish communities as corals are lost. This is particularly concerning given the critical functional roles played by certain species of large reef fishes that utilise tabular structure for shelter and which occupy the lower ranks of the dominance hierarchy.

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“…For example, the presence of appropriate shelter not only reduces the risk of predation but also provides a metabolic benefit to a fish that is likely to have implications for growth performance and activity budgets (Millidine et al 2006). Likewise, Harwood et al (2002) show that winter competition for refuges, both within and between species of salmonid, is likely to be intense if refuge availability is limited. Thus, in simplified habitats (for example a channelised river) competition for limited refugia will result in displacement of sub-dominant fish and selection of more aggressive individuals.…”

Section: Habitat Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Science and Practice for the Sustainable Management of In‐Channel Salmonid Habitat

Sear

2010

Salmonid Fisheries

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The contribution of this chapter is to consider in-channel management in relation to our evolving concepts of salmonid habitat and, in particular, our understanding of natural geomorphic processes. Thus, an initial review of current in-channel management practice is followed by a review of the conceptual basis for the management of habitats -defining and characterising habitat itself and identifying the processes necessary to support it. The chapter goes on to consider where changes in in-channel habitat management might be made in the light of our current understanding of these processes. Finally, the chapter briefly reviews the contribution that new modes of data collection and modelling can make to efforts to restore salmonid habitats and to integrate such projects within wider catchment management. Why do we manage in-channel habitat?To be successful, conservation and restoration efforts require a strong conceptual foundation and a thorough understanding of natural processes. In-channel habitat management includes those practices associated with the control of physical features and biological communities within the channel, bounded by the floodplain, whose aim is support viable populations of salmon. The reasons for such management are generally threefold. First, a river has a perceived or quantified decline in salmon population (e.g. WWF 2001). Second, there is a perceived or quantified decline in the quality or quantity of salmon habitat (e.g.Hendry & Cragg-Hine 1997); an example is the rapid infilling of adult holding pools with gravel. Third, the management regime is part of a traditional suite of practices 81 Salmonid Fisheries: Freshwater Habitat ManagementPaul Kemp

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Intra- and inter-specific competition for winter concealment habitat in juvenile salmonids

Cited by 50 publications

References 34 publications

Does ice matter? Site fidelity and movements by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr during winter in a substrate enhanced river reach

Does ice matter? Site fidelity and movements by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr during winter in a substrate enhanced river reach

Competition for shelter in a high-diversity system: structure use by large reef fishes

Integrating Science and Practice for the Sustainable Management of In‐Channel Salmonid Habitat

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