Intra- and inter-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in Salmo: rainbow, steelhead, and cutthroat trouts

Abstract

1985. lntra-and inter-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in Salmo: rainbow, steelhead, and cutthroat trouts. Can. J . Zool. 63: 2088 -2094. Two forms of Salmo gairdneri with different life histories (steelhead and rainbow trout) were compared using restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA. A total of 19 individuals from four populations were studied for each of the two forms, using 14 restriction enzymes. In addition, five cutthroat trout samples were included as an interspecific comparison. These enzymes revealed a total of 81 cut sites, representing a sample of more than 400 nucleotides per fish. Of these sites, 25 were phylogenetically informative, dividing the 43 fish into I0 clonal lines, 8 Salmo gairdneri and 2 Salmo clarki. Results indicated detectable divergence between all geographic populations of steelhead and rainbow trout except Pennask rainbow trout, Coquihalla steelhead, and Wampus Creek rainbow trout. Other steelhead populations analysed showed a closer phylogenetic relationship to each other than to rainbow trout populations analysed. lntraspecific divergence was in most cases I % or less, with a 1.5% maximum. Interspecific divergence between S. gairdneri and S. clarki was between 2% and 3.5%.

Microsatellite DNA analysis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from western Alberta, Canada: native status and evolutionary distinctiveness of “Athabasca” rainbow trout

“…Carl et al (1994) suggested that the depth of the divergence between Wampus Creek rainbow trout and adjacent inland rainbow trout indicated a pre-glacial origin of the Athabasca River rainbow trout. These data are at variance with mitochondrial DNA data (Wilson et al 1985;McCusker et al 2000) that showed that rainbow trout sampled from three localities in the upper Athabasca River were characterized by mtDNA haplotypes that were very similar or identical to those found in O. mykiss throughout the interior of British Columbia (BC). This latter result is consistent with hypothesized recent origin of Athabasca River rainbow trout via headwater transfer with the Fraser River.…”

Mitochondrial cytochrome b Sequence Variation and Phylogenetics of the Highly Specialized Schizothoracine Fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

“…Molecular clock estimates of schizothoracine fishes are based on a sequence divergence rate of approximately 2.0% per My (Brown et al, 1979(Brown et al, , 1982Wilson et al, 1985). Kimura's two-parameter sequence divergence of cytochrome b between Sp.…”

Variability of mitochondrial DNA in Japanese dace, Tribolodon hakonensis (Cyprinidae).

“…Considering this, the interpopulational divergence of T. hakonensis in Japan appears large. In comparison with salmonid fish (Wilson et al 1985), the values of T. hakonensis were larger than or close to those between the land-locked type (rainbow trout) and the anadromous type (steelhead trout) of Salmo gairdneri (mostly less than 1 %).…”

“…In any case, restriction fragment analysis of mtDNA provides detailed information as to the variations of nucleotide sequence, and has been applied to evolutionary studies in various mammals (Avise and Lansman 1983). In fishes, mtDNA analyses have shown genetic relationships of related species, such as eels (Avise et a1.1986) and salmonid fishes (Wilson et al 1985;Berg and Ferris 1984), and have also revealed introgressive hybridization on sunfishes .…”