Intra-Family and Inter-Family Comparisons for Viral Susceptibility to Heat Inactivation

Nims, Raymond W.; Plavsic, Mark

doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000112

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The comparison of data points obtained for the four viral families, showed a higher thermal susceptibility of Adenoviridae while, based on the few values available for Anelloviridae and Circoviridae, their heat resistance was comparable or slightly lower than that of Parvoviridae, confirming the high heat resistance of this latter viral family (Nims and Plavsic, 2013). Parvoviruses were therefore selected as the most thermal resistant viral hazards for the assessment.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Assessment on the efficacy of methods 2 to 5 and method 7 set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 to inactivate relevant pathogens when producing processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Ordóñez³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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An assessment was conducted on the level of inactivation of relevant pathogens that could be present in processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals when methods 2 to 5 and method 7, as detailed in Regulation (EU) No 142/2011, are applied. Five approved scenarios were selected for method 7. Salmonella Senftenberg, Enterococcus faecalis, spores of Clostridium perfringens and parvoviruses were shortlisted as target indicators. Inactivation parameters for these indicators were extracted from extensive literature search and a recent EFSA scientific opinion. An adapted Bigelow model was fitted to retrieved data to estimate the probability that methods 2 to 5, in coincidental and consecutive modes, and the five scenarios of method 7 are able to achieve a 5 log10 and a 3 log10 reduction of bacterial indicators and parvoviruses, respectively. Spores of C. perfringens were the indicator with the lowest probability of achieving the target reduction by methods 2 to 5, in coincidental and consecutive mode, and by the five considered scenarios of method 7. An expert knowledge elicitation was conducted to estimate the certainty of achieving a 5 log10 reduction of spores of C. perfringens considering the results of the model and additional evidence. A 5 log10 reduction of C. perfringens spores was judged: 99–100% certain for methods 2 and 3 in coincidental mode; 98–100% certain for method 7 scenario 3; 80–99% certain for method 5 in coincidental mode; 66–100% certain for method 4 in coincidental mode and for method 7 scenarios 4 and 5; 25–75% certain for method 7 scenario 2; and 0–5% certain for method 7 scenario 1. Higher certainty is expected for methods 2 to 5 in consecutive mode compared to coincidental mode.

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Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…8 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/taeniasis-cysticercosis Gr öner et al, 2018;Gemmell et al, 2021). Further 19 values (Lelie et al, 1987;Lund et al, 1996;Yunoki et al, 2003;Sahlstr öm et al, 2008;Nims and Plavsic, 2013;Nims and Zhou, 2016) were retrieved for Parvoviridae from a previous EFSA Opinion (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2021).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment on the efficacy of methods 2 to 5 and method 7 set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 to inactivate relevant pathogens when producing processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Ordóñez³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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“…However, a direct side-by-side study would eliminate the impact of methods to define temperature and humidity profiles. This would also highlight physiochemical similarities/differences inherent to a specific virus or common to virus families (Nims and Plavsic, 2013;Castaño et al, 2020). Side-by-side testing comparing dried 6 to several dried coronaviruses, including 6 SARS-CoV-2, are moving forward in our lab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot, Humid Air Decontamination of Aircraft Confirmed That High Temperature and High Humidity Are Critical for Inactivation of Infectious, Enveloped Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Virus

Buhr

Young

Borgers-Klonkowski

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Aims: To develop infectious (live/dead) enveloped virus test indicators and response surface methodology (RSM) models that evaluate survival of an enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus on contaminated aircraft materials after exposure to hot, humid air (HHA). Methods and Results: Enveloped RNA bacteriophage Phi6 (6) was dried on wiring insulation, aircraft performance coating (APC), polypropylene, and nylon at ≥ 8 log 10 plaque-forming units (PFU) test coupon −1. Only 2.4 log 10 inactivation was measured on APC at 70 • Celsius (• C), 5% relative humidity (RH) after 24 h. In contrast, HHA RSM models showed a 90% probability of a 7 log 10 inactivation at ≥63 • C, 90% RH after 1 h, and decontamination kinetics were similar across different materials. HHA decontamination of C-130 and C-17 aircraft showed >7 log 10 and ≥5.9 log 10 inactivation of enveloped virus on 100 and 110 test indicators, respectively, with a 1-h treatment, excluding ramp-up and ramp-down times. Conclusions: Enveloped RNA virus test indicators were successfully developed, lab tested for HHA decontamination, analyzed for RSM, and field-tested in aircraft demonstrations. Significance and Impact of the Study: The utility of HHA decontamination was demonstrated after inactivating enveloped RNA virus on aircraft with a 1-h HHA treatment within aircraft temperature and RH limits.

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“…For Parvoviridae , the time–temperature combinations providing > 3 log 10 reductions are more intense than those reported for other viral families (e.g. 112°C for 0.5 min for canine parvovirus in water; 101°C for 0.5 min in water for bovine parvovirus; 117°C for 0.5 min for minute virus of mice (MVM) in water; or 196°C for 0.5 min for mice virus in culture media) (Nims and Plavsic, 2013c ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

“… Time–temperature combinations to achieve a 3 log 10 reduction of Parvoviridae in different matrices (manure/faeces, mixed waste, dried lyophilisate, culture medium, water) obtained from the literature review (Lund et al., 1996 ; Bräuniger et al., 2000 ; Yunoki et al., 2003 ; Sahlström et al., 2008 ; EFSA AHAW Panel and EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2011 , Nims and Plavsic, 2013c ; Elving et al., 2014 ; Nims and Zhou, 2016 ) Orange: water; grey: culture media; yellow: semi‐solid; blue: dried lyophilisate. …”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of indicator microorganisms and biological hazards by standard and/or alternative processing methods in Category 2 and 3 animal by‐products and derived products to be used as organic fertilisers and/or soil improvers

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Bolton³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The European Commission requested EFSA to assess if different thermal processes achieve a 5 log 10 reduction in Enterococcus faecalis or Salmonella Senftenberg (775W) and (if relevant) a 3 log 10 reduction in thermoresistant viruses (e.g. Parvovirus ) as well as if different chemical processes achieve a 3 log 10 reduction of eggs of Ascaris sp., in eight groups of Category 2 and 3 derived products and animal by‐products (ABP). These included (1) ash derived from incineration, co‐incineration and combustion; (2) glycerine derived from the production of biodiesel and renewable fuels; (3) other materials derived from the production of biodiesel and renewable fuels; (4) hides and skins; (5) wool and hair; (6) feathers and down; (7) pig bristles; and (8) horns, horn products, hooves and hoof products. Data on the presence of viral hazards and on thermal and chemical inactivation of the targeted indicator microorganisms and biological hazards under relevant processing conditions were extracted via extensive literature searches. The evidence was assessed via expert knowledge elicitation. The certainty that the required log 10 reductions in the most resistant indicator microorganisms or biological hazards will be achieved for each of the eight groups of materials mentioned above by the thermal and/or chemical processes was (1) 99–100% for the two processes assessed; (2) 98–100% in Category 2 ABP, at least 90–99% in Category 3 ABP; (3) 90–99% in Category 2 ABP; at least 66–90% in Category 3 ABP; (4) 10–66% and 33–66%; (5) 1–33% and 10–50%; (6) 66–90%; (7) 33–66% and 50–95%; (8) 66–95%, respectively. Data generation on the occurrence and reduction of biological hazards by thermal and/or chemical methods in these materials and on the characterisation of the usage pathways of ABP as organic fertilisers/soil improvers is recommended.

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Intra-Family and Inter-Family Comparisons for Viral Susceptibility to Heat Inactivation

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Assessment on the efficacy of methods 2 to 5 and method 7 set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 to inactivate relevant pathogens when producing processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals

Assessment on the efficacy of methods 2 to 5 and method 7 set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 to inactivate relevant pathogens when producing processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals

Hot, Humid Air Decontamination of Aircraft Confirmed That High Temperature and High Humidity Are Critical for Inactivation of Infectious, Enveloped Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Virus

Inactivation of indicator microorganisms and biological hazards by standard and/or alternative processing methods in Category 2 and 3 animal by‐products and derived products to be used as organic fertilisers and/or soil improvers

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