Intra-individual gait pattern variability in specific situations: Implications for forensic gait analysis

Forensic Gait Analysis and Recognition: Standards of Evidence Admissibility

“…However, according to the authors of the publication , the data were obtained covertly from members of the public and all the demographic characteristics listed in the publication (available since 2016) are estimations. For more accurate assessments of interindividual and intra‐individual variation and implicitly, more accurate quantification of uncertainty levels in an expert report, known demographic variability in a population (e.g., age, sex, weight, height, and body proportions [BMI]) in a dataset is evidently necessary . Therefore, at the present moment, gait analysis as performed by forensic gait experts fails to satisfy the main requirements of an identification method, which are solid knowledge of how unique the trait used is (scientific knowledge), the level of variability of gait features in a given population, standardized gait features list used consistently among experts, appropriateness of the method forensic cases, and implementation of a code of practice for forensic gait experts.…”

“…In addition, the U.K.'s National Measurement Institute (NPL) together with other partners has already developed a gait recognition system designed to track individuals and verify whether that same individual has been at the location where the original tracking took place; therefore, at present, it is at a “verification,” rather than at an “identification” stage . Despite this substantial international progress in terms of database size, and covariate analysis, only a small number of studies specific for forensic application have been published to date including a recent pilot system with an easy‐to‐use user interface developed for person verification intended for users who do not have any professional training in gait analysis, such as the police force . As described by the authors, it is designed to assist in criminal investigations, whereby the user examines the list of matches presented by the system, rather than the system offering the “correct” match .…”

“…While forensic gait analysis and gait recognition yield a similar end‐product, the methods by which analyses are performed are distinct, with the latter having demonstrated noteworthy progress, as evidenced in the substantial number of publications to date. Forensic gait analysis uses concepts from clinical gait analysis while gait recognition seeks to develop person identification algorithms which may or may not have anatomical and physiological principles incorporated into their design (e.g., ). In addition, most of the gait analysis research originates from clinical and biomechanical studies which utilize state‐of‐the‐art technologies for accurate and precise biomechanical measurements, generally intended for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions such as stroke , Parkinson's disease , multiple sclerosis , and various spine disorders such as scoliosis .…”

Using worn out insole to express human foot

“…The foot length and the girth length, nevertheless, are the main affecting parameters for the shoe last design (Cheng and Perng, 2000). While footwear is one of the disturbance parameters that caused gait pattern variability (Ludwig et al, 2016).…”

Using worn out insole to express human foot

“…The foot length and the girth length, nevertheless, are the main affecting parameters for the shoe last design (Cheng and Perng, 2000). While footwear is one of the disturbance parameters that caused gait pattern variability (Ludwig et al, 2016).…”