Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals

Abbott, Jessica K.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1401

Cited by 63 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…To simplify the presentation, we model mutation and evolution in a haploid population; our results also apply to diploids, with the caveat that mutations contributing to adaptation in diploids will sometimes involve a transient, balanced polymorphic state [30]. Finally, although we focus on evolution in dioecious (gonochoristic) species with distinct sexes, sexual antagonism may also manifest within hermaphrodites, by way of allocation trade-offs between male and female reproductive structures in simultaneous hermaphrodites, or antagonistic pleiotropy between male and female stages in sequential hermaphrodites [31]. Our results may imperfectly characterize adaptation in hermaphrodites, yet our underlying mathematical framework is sufficiently flexible to permit future theoretical extensions to mating systems that we do not specifically consider here.…”

Section: Fisher's Geometric Model In Species With Separate Sexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary inevitability of sexual antagonism

2014

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Sexual antagonism, whereby mutations are favourable in one sex and disfavourable in the other, is common in natural populations, yet the root causes of sexual antagonism are rarely considered in evolutionary theories of adaptation. Here, we explore the evolutionary consequences of sex-differential selection and genotype-by-sex interactions for adaptation in species with separate sexes. We show that sexual antagonism emerges naturally from sex differences in the direction of selection on phenotypes expressed by both sexes or from sex-by-genotype interactions affecting the expression of such phenotypes. Moreover, modest sex differences in selection or genotype-by-sex effects profoundly influence the long-term evolutionary trajectories of populations with separate sexes, as these conditions trigger the evolution of strong sexual antagonism as a by-product of adaptively driven evolutionary change. The theory demonstrates that sexual antagonism is an inescapable by-product of adaptation in species with separate sexes, whether or not selection favours evolutionary divergence between males and females.

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Section: Fisher's Geometric Model In Species With Separate Sexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary inevitability of sexual antagonism

2014

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“…As far as we know, there have been no systematic empirical or theoretical investigations of the evolutionary dynamics of sexually antagonistic alleles in sequential hermaphrodites, which might well be more complex than the simple trade-off scenario outlined above implies (see also Abbott 2011). One important consideration concerns the distribution of fitness across individuals in the population.…”

Section: Intralocus Sexual Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This clearly complicates interpretations compared to gonochorists, but it also presents some interesting targets for sexual conflict, including conflicts over which sex role the partner assumes and its sex allocation, as we discuss in the main sections below. In contrast to the long history of research on interlocus sexual conflict, the possibility of intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphrodites has only been explored very recently (Abbott 2011; see also Arnqvist and Rowe 2005;Bedhomme et al 2009). Consider a sexually antagonistic allele arising in a gonochorist.…”

Section: Sexual Conflict Thinking In Hermaphroditesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Conflict in Hermaphrodites

Schärer¹,

Janicke²,

Ramm³

2014

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

106

142

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Hermaphrodites combine the male and female sex functions into a single individual, either sequentially or simultaneously. This simple fact means that they exhibit both similarities and differences in the way in which they experience, and respond to, sexual conflict compared to separate-sexed organisms. Here, we focus on clarifying how sexual conflict concepts can be adapted to apply to all anisogamous sexual systems and review unique (or especially important) aspects of sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals. These include conflicts over the timing of sex change in sequential hermaphrodites, and in simultaneous hermaphrodites, over both sex roles and the postmating manipulation of the sperm recipient by the sperm donor. Extending and applying sexual conflict thinking to hermaphrodites can identify general evolutionary principles and help explain some of the unique reproductive diversity found among animals exhibiting this widespread but to date understudied sexual system.

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“…These are strong and probably unrealistic assumptions for many hermaphrodites, and future models should aim at exploring the implications of relaxing these assumption. Finally, recent studies have outlined that hermaphrodites could show some level of sex limitation, for example, if individuals differ in how male and female fitness depends on size and condition [94,95], thus potentially leading to intra-locus sexual conflict.…”

Section: (B) Important Extensions In Future Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex allocation and investment into pre- and post-copulatory traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites: the role of polyandry and local sperm competition

Schärer

Pen

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Sex allocation theory predicts the optimal allocation to male and female reproduction in sexual organisms. In animals, most work on sex allocation has focused on species with separate sexes and our understanding of simultaneous hermaphrodites is patchier. Recent theory predicts that sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites should strongly be affected by post-copulatory sexual selection, while the role of pre-copulatory sexual selection is much less clear. Here, we review sex allocation and sexual selection theory for simultaneous hermaphrodites, and identify several strong and potentially unwarranted assumptions. We then present a model that treats allocation to sexually selected traits as components of sex allocation and explore patterns of allocation when some of these assumptions are relaxed. For example, when investment into a male sexually selected trait leads to skews in sperm competition, causing local sperm competition, this is expected to lead to a reduced allocation to sperm production. We conclude that understanding the evolution of sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites requires detailed knowledge of the different sexual selection processes and their relative importance. However, little is currently known quantitatively about sexual selection in simultaneous hermaphrodites, about what the underlying traits are, and about what drives and constrains their evolution. Future work should therefore aim at quantifying sexual selection and identifying the underlying traits along the pre- to post-copulatory axis.

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Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals

Cited by 63 publications

References 81 publications

Evolutionary inevitability of sexual antagonism

Evolutionary inevitability of sexual antagonism

Sexual Conflict in Hermaphrodites

Sex allocation and investment into pre- and post-copulatory traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites: the role of polyandry and local sperm competition

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