Intra‐oral single‐site comparisons of periodontal and peri‐implant microbiota in health and disease

Abstract

Objective: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are oral infectious-inflammatory diseases that share similarities in their pathology and etiology. Our objective was to characterize the single-site subgingival and submucosal microbiomes of implant-rehabilitated, partially dentate Chinese subjects (n = 18) presenting with both periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Materials and methods:Subgingival/submucosal plaque samples were collected from four clinically distinct sites in each subject: peri-implantitis submucosa (DI), periodontal pocket (DT), clinically healthy (unaffected) peri-implant submucosa (HI), and clinically healthy (unaffected) subgingival sulcus (HT). The bacterial microbiota present was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing.Results: Twenty-six phyla and 5,726 operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 97% sequence similarity cutoff) were identified. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Synergistetes, TM7, and Spirochaetes comprised 99.6% of the total reads detected. Bacterial communities within the DI, DT, HI, and HT sites shared high levels of taxonomic similarity. Thirty-one "core species" were present in >90% sites, with Streptococcus infantis/mitis/oralis (HMT-070/HMT-071/ HMT-638/HMT-677) and Fusobacterium sp. HMT-203/HMT-698 being particularly prevalent and abundant. Beta-diversity analyses (PERMANOVA test, weighted UniFrac) revealed the largest variance in the microbiota was at the subject level (46%), followed by periodontal health status (4%). Differing sets of OTUs were associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis sites, respectively. This included putative "periodontopathogens," such as Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Bacteroidetes [G-5], and Treponema spp. Interaction network analysis identified several putative patterns underlying dysbiosis in periodontitis/peri-implantitis sites. Conclusions: Species (OTU) composition of the periodontal and peri-implant microbiota varied widely between subjects. The inter-subject variations in subgingival/ submucosal microbiome composition outweighed differences observed between implant vs. tooth sites, or between diseased vs. healthy (unaffected) peri-implant/ periodontal sites. | 761 YU et al. vincentii ("Fusobacterium Genus Probe 2"). Our data also correlate with that reported by Maruyama et al. (2014), who found that F. nucleatum, S. oralis, and Neisseria subflava, were abundant in both periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions sampled from the same Japanese individuals. The respective compositions of the "core" microbiota reported in several other high-throughput TA B L E 3 Bacterial taxa present at higher abundances in the four respective clinical sites a Clinically healthy (unaffected) periodontal sites (HT) Periodontitis sites (DT) Halomonas sp. (OTU0) (core) Tannerella forsythia HMT-613 (OTU15) Escherichia coli HMT-574 (OTU17) Cardiobacterium valvalum HMT-540 (OTU33) Streptococcus mutans HMT-686 (OTU27) Capnocytophaga granulosa (OTU32) Veillonella dispar HMT-160 (OTU1252) Bacteroidales [G-2] sp. HMT-274...

Comparison of Bacterial Load Parameters in Subgingival Plaque during Peri-implantitis and Periodontitis Using the RT-PCR Method

“…In the study of Torrungruanag et al (29), the prevalence of P. ginigvalis and T. denticola among patients with severe periodontitis was relatively similar to the detection rate frequency registered in our research, while detection rate frequency of T. forsythia and P. intermedia in our study was comparatively lower, which can be explained by the smaller number of study subjects in the corresponding group. It is important to notice that in both studies the prevalence/ detection frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans was the lowest both among periodontitis and healthy sites, while bacterial load of this species was also the lowest one.…”

“…U istraživanju Torrungruanaga i suradnika (29) prevalencija vrsta P. ginigvalis i T. denticola među pacijentima s teškim parodontitisom bila je razmjerno slična nalazima u našem istraživanju, a učestalost vrsta T. forsythia i P. intermedia u našem istraživanju bila je razmjerno manja, što se može objasniti manjim brojem ispitanika u odgovarajućoj skupini. Važno je istaknuti da je u oba istraživanja prevalencija vrste A. actinomycetemcomitans bila najmanja i u slučaju parodontitisa i u zdravim uvjetima, dok je bakterijsko opterećenje ove vrste bilo najmanje.…”

Antibacterial Properties of Triethoxysilylpropyl Succinic Anhydride Silane (TESPSA) on Titanium Dental Implants

“…The oral biofilm consists of a complex bacterial community initiated by free-floating cells adhering to the implant surface. Early colonizers such as S. sanguinis are important in that process, due to their role in the guidance of later colonizers [55,56]. Similarly, species like L. salivarius are important because their by-products are crucial for biofilm formation and maintenance, but also due to their interplay with other species [57].…”

Analysis of the Stomal Microbiota of a Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study

“…A review of the literature reporting microbial analyses of various percutaneous device interfaces reveals that most studies rely on culture‐based rather than molecular techniques and are not designed as longitudinal analyses and thus do not evaluate changes in the microbiota over time. They are rather “point‐in‐time snapshots” and either imprecisely determine the variety of bacteria comprising the microbiome or fail to do so over time . A single recently published longitudinal study of the skin implant/interface of a bone‐anchored hearing system (BAHS) did use culture‐independent microbial sequencing.…”

“…They showed that the species compositions of the periodontal and peri‐implant microbiota varied widely between subjects. The inter‐subject variations in subgingival/submucosal microbiome composition outweighed differences observed between implant versus tooth sites, or between diseased versus healthy (unaffected) peri‐implant/periodontal sites . In general, some studies revealed that the genera Streptococcus , Prevotella , and Haemophilus characterized peri‐implant health.…”