Intracardiac thrombosis in the three-year-old boy with normal left ventricle systolic function in MIS-C associated with COVID-19

Thrombotic Events in MIS-C Patients: A Single Case Report and Literature Review

“…We retrospectively reviewed the clinical history of 60 MIS-C patients who experienced TEs (37 studies) and we collected epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data ( Table 1 ) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

“…Overall, the TEs were arterial, venous, and intracardiac in 42 (70%), 15 (25%), and 14 (23.3%) patients, respectively. Five patients had both arterial and venous thrombosis, four patients presented with both arterial and intracardiac thrombosis, and one patient suffered from arterial, venous, and intracardiac thrombosis [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 43 , 48 ]. Arterial thrombosis was involved the central nervous system in 25 patients (41.7%), pulmonary arteries in 8 (13.3%), and coronary arteries in 6 (10%).…”

“…Arterial thrombosis was involved the central nervous system in 25 patients (41.7%), pulmonary arteries in 8 (13.3%), and coronary arteries in 6 (10%). Renal arteries were affected in four patients (6.7%), whereas thrombosis of carotid arteries, peripheric systemic arteries, and the aorta were reported in two patients (3.3%) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 ]. Venous thrombosis affected the deep veins of the lower and upper limbs in six (10%) and five (8.3%) of patients, respectively [ 10 , 15 , 21 , 27 , 43 ].…”

“…In two patients (3.2%), the superior vena cava was involved, whereas the intern jugular vein and cerebral sinus vein were reported in one case (1.6%) [ 12 , 13 , 29 , 43 ]. Intracardiac thrombosis was localized in the left ventricle in seven cases (11.7%); the right ventricle, right atrium, and left atrium were affected in two patients (3.3%), although in three cases of intracardiac thrombosis, the cardiac chamber was not specified [ 10 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 26 , 30 , 31 , 39 , 43 , 46 , 48 ].…”

“…Inotropic support was required in 24 patients (24%) [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 49 ].…”