Intracellular acid phosphatase and lysozyme levels in subpopulations of oyster, Crassostrea virginica, hemocytes

Cheng, Thomas C.; Downs, James C.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(88)90116-4

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Acid phosphatase is a typical marker for lysosomes (de Duve 1963), even though extralysosomal localisations of these enzymes have been described in several kinds of cells (Borgers & Verheyan 1985). Particularly in bivalves, a high activity of acid phosphatase was found in Ruditapes decussatus , M. galloprovincialis (Ottaviani et al 1998), Mercenaria mercenaria (Yoshino & Cheng 1976), Mya arenaria (Huffman & Tripp 1982), Crassostrea virginica (Cheng & Downs 1988), O. edulis and C. gigas (Auffret 1989), Perna perna (Barracco et al 1999), M. galloprovincialis (Bayne et al 1979, Cajaraville et al 1995, and M. edulis (Moore & Lowe 1977). Its presence was not reported in T. philippinarum (Cima et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Pampanin

Marin²,

Ballarin³

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A morphological and enzymatic characterization of Chamelea gallina haemocytes was carried out as a prerequisite for further studies on venus clam immunobiology. Two main types of circulating haemocytes were identified (1) hyalinocytes (79.2%), agranular cells with a central nucleus surrounded by a little cytoplasm, and (2) granulocytes (16.5%), smaller granular cells with smaller nuclei. Small cells with a strongly basophilic nucleus and a thin layer of peripheral cytoplasm, probably undifferentiated blast cells (4.3%), were also observed. Both granulocytes and hyalinocytes can assume a spreading or round morphology. The enzymatic activities of haemocytes were also investigated. Some of the granulocytes and hyalinocytes were positive for hydrolytic enzymes, suggesting a role for these cells in phagocytosis; no oxidative enzymes were detected in C. gallina haemocytes. Granulocytes and hyalinocytes can easily adhere to the substratum and exhibit a low phagocytosis activity towards foreign particles (6.3%), whereas the fraction of cells containing ingested material significantly increased after pre-incubation of test particles with cell-free haemolymph, which suggests the presence of opsonin(s) in the haemolymph. KEY WORDS: Haemocytes · Chamelea gallina · Cytoenzymology · Phagocytosis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 49: [227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234] 2002 (Cheney 1971, Foley & Cheng 1974, Moore & Eble 1977, Huffman & Tripp 1982. Since no data are available concerning Chamelea gallina haemocytes and their role in immunity, we carried out a morpho-functional characterization of C. gallina haemocytes as a prerequisite for further studies on the immunobiology of the venus clam in order to define a series of immuno-biomarkers to be used in the evaluation of stress conditions for this species.Our results indicate the presence of 2 main haemocyte types, namely granulocytes and hyalinocytes, both exhibiting lysosomal enzymes and phagocytosis activity. MATERIALS AND METHODSClams (shell length 20 to 30 mm) were collected with a hydraulic dredge at Venice Lido, on the west coast of the Northern Adriatic Sea, in front of the Venice lagoon. They were kept in the laboratory for 2 to 3 d before experiments in 70 l tanks filled with aerated seawater that was renewed every other day (salinity 35 ± 1 ‰; temperature 17 ± 1°C) and fed with microalgae (Isochrysis galbana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum).Heamolymph collection. Haemolymph was collected from the anterior adductor muscle of clams with a syringe containing 10 mM of L-cysteine in filtered seawater (FSW), pH 7.5, to a final dilution of 1:1 haemolymph/L-cysteine. Haemolymph was also collected in the absence of L-cysteine and centrifuged at 780 × g for 10 min to pellet cells and obtain cell-free haemolymph (CFH).Haemocyte cultures. Haemolymph was centrifuged at 780 × g for 10 min and the pellet was resuspended in FSW to achieve a final concentration of 10 6 cells ml -1 . Sixty µl of haemocyte susp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Pampanin

Marin²,

Ballarin³

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Morphologically, bivalve haemocytes can be classified at least in two cell types: granulocytes and hyalinocytes or agranulocytes (Cheng, 1981). However, the classification schedules were so varied that three, four or even more morphologically di#erent populations have been proposed by authors for various bivalve species (Moore & Lowe, 1977;Cheng & Downs, 1988;Hine & Wesney, 1994;Carballal et al, 1997;Lopez et al, 1997a;Nakayama et al, 1997). Phagocytosis represents the most investigated functional aspect of haemocyte activity (Hinsch & Hunte, 1990;Mourton et al, 1992;Tripp, 1992;Mortensen & Glette, 1996;Lopez et al, 1997b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flow cytometric assessment of haemocyte sub-populations in the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, haemolymph

Xue

Renault

Chilmonczyk

2001

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…The presence of these two types was confirmed in Mya arenaria (Hu#man & Tripp, 1982), M. edulis (Pipe, 1990), Mytilus galloprovincialis Carballal et al, 1997a,b), M. mercenaria (Tripp, 1992), C. virginica (Ford et al, 1994) and Ruditapes decussatus . Granulocytes form pseudopodia, can aggregate, show phagocytic activity, contain hydrolytic enzymes and peroxidase released via exocytosis, and may be subdivided into neutrophils, acidophils and basophils (Mohandas et al, 1985;Cheng & Downs, 1988). Granulocyte subpopulations have been described in the haemolymph of Crassostrea gigas (Ruddell, 1971) and, more recently, of M. edulis (Noël et al, 1994) and M. galloprovincialis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some granulocytes may di#erentiate into reticular cells, attaching themselves to connective tissue and producing haemocyanin, which is released into the haemolymph following the break-up of this cell type (Stang-Voss, 1974). Hyalinocytes are generally smaller than granulocytes, have a high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, remain round, and may be further divided into subtypes I, II and III depending on species (Cheng & Downs, 1988). Another cell type which is commonly present in bivalve haemolymph is the serous cell (pigmented cell, rhogocyte, pore-cell or brown cell) originating from Keber's gland (Fernau, 1914), varying in colour from light brown to almost black and containing sphyngomyelins and acid mucopolysaccharides (Cheng, 1981;Haszprunar, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemocytes of the clam Tapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): morphofunctional characterisation

Cima

Matozzo

Marin

et al. 2000

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

134

117

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Intracellular acid phosphatase and lysozyme levels in subpopulations of oyster, Crassostrea virginica, hemocytes

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Flow cytometric assessment of haemocyte sub-populations in the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, haemolymph

Haemocytes of the clam Tapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): morphofunctional characterisation

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