In
recent decades, peptides, which can possess high potency, excellent
selectivity, and low toxicity, have emerged as promising therapeutics
for cancer applications. Combined with an improved understanding of
tumor biology and immuno-oncology, peptides have demonstrated robust
antitumor efficacy in preclinical tumor models. However, the translation
of peptides with intracellular targets into clinical therapies has
been severely hindered by limitations in their intrinsic structure,
such as low systemic stability, rapid clearance, and poor membrane
permeability, that impede intracellular delivery. In this Review,
we summarize recent advances in polymer-mediated intracellular delivery
of peptides for cancer therapy, including both therapeutic peptides
and peptide antigens. We highlight strategies to engineer polymeric
materials to increase peptide delivery efficiency, especially cytosolic
delivery, which plays a crucial role in potentiating peptide-based
therapies. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for peptides in
cancer treatment, with an emphasis on the design of polymer nanocarriers
for optimized peptide delivery.