Intracellular distribution and mechanisms of actions of photosensitizer Zinc(II)-phthalocyanine solubilized in Cremophor EL against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

Engineering of relevant photodynamic processes through structural modifications of metallotetrapyrrolic photosensitizers

“…al. presented the solubilisation of zinc(II)-phthalocyanine in the CrEL formulation [190]. A 10-50 fold increase of HepG2 cell growth inhibition and an elevated production of reactive oxygen species was seen upon irradiation.…”

Silk fibroin nanoparticle as a novel drug delivery system

“…It is estimated that 15 million people will suffer from cancer until 2020 [229][230][231][232]. Many strategies have been developed for cancer treatment: immunotherapy, thermal therapy, phototherapy [233,234], surgery, gene therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages [235].…”

UP12, a novel ursolic acid derivative with potential for targeting multiple signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…The mitochondrial membrane potential (4Cm) assay was similar to what we described previously [31,32]. Briefly, HepG2 cells were treated by UP12 (1, 5 and 10 mM), 2-DG (5, 10 and 20 mM), and 2-DG (mM) + UP12 (mM) (5 + 1, 10 + 5 and 20 + 10) for 24 h. Cells were washed twice with PBS and incubated with DiOC6 for 20 min in the dark.…”

“…The caspase-3, -8, -9 activities were determined by fluorometric assay kit according to the manufacturer's protocol as we described previously [20,31]. Briefly, lysates of HepG2 cells were prepared after treating with 2-DG (0, 2, 5, 10 mM), UP12 (0, 0.5, 1.5, 5 mM) and 2-DG (mM) + UP12 (mM) (0, 2 + 0.5, 5 + 1.5, 10 + 5) for 24 h. Lysates were incubated at 37 8C for 4 h. Samples were measured on an ELISA reader at 405 nm.…”