Intracellular Drug Delivery of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Intracellular drug delivery of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocarriers have been examined in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell culture line by both electron and confocal microscopies. For transmission electron microsopic (TEM) study, LDHs and anticancer drug, methotrexate (MTX) loaded LDHs were synthesized and the particle size was controlled. From the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies, morphologies of LDH nanoparticle and its MTX intercalated form were proven to be platelike hexagonal with an average size of approximately 150 nm. In order to understand the cellular penetration behavior, both nanoparticles were treated to human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell culture lines and the cellular uptake pattern with respect to incubation time was observed by TEM and SEM. We observed that the nanoparticles are attached at the cellular membrane at first and then internalized into the cells via endocytosis within 1 h. Then are located in the intracellular vacuole (endosome). In order to examine the intracellular drug delivery mechanism of LDH nanoparticles, fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled MTX was intercalated into LDH and treated on Saos-2 cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopic studies revealed that the FITC-MTX molecules were first internalized with LDH nanocarriers via endocytosis, and located in endosome to deliver loaded drug to target cellular organ. It was, therefore, concluded that LDH could play a role as drug delivery nanocarriers.

Preparation and characterization of an anti-inflammatory agent based on a zinc-layered hydroxide-salicylate nanohybrid and its effect on viability of Vero-3 cells

“…7 In addition, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can slowly release the carried drugs in order to maintain concentrations at the desired levels for an extended period of time. 8 To date, a multitude of inorganic nanoparticles has been extensively employed in drug delivery studies, including iron oxide, 9,10 silica nanoparticles, 11 calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite, gold nanoparticles, 14 carbon nanotubes, 15 dendrimers, 16 layered double hydroxides, [17][18][19] and quantum dots. 20,21 Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are regarded as promising drug delivery carriers because of several notable characteristics.…”

Functionalization of Surfaces in Layered Double Hydroxides and Hydroxide Salt Nanoparticles

“…The intercalation of this large variety of anions is reversible and this effect is used to design nanoparticles for controlled release. The releasing mechanism in LDH is carried out by ionexchange reaction due to the presence of electrolytes or due to the partial dissolution of layers in slightly acidic conditions, thus the molecule intercalated or functionalized into LDH can be released in a controlled manner [11,12].…”

Mitochondria-Targeted Nanoparticles: A Promising Drug Delivery System

“…Historically, nanotechnology has been perused for enhanced efficacy in treating diseases and/or reducing toxicity of chemotherapeutics. [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] The efforts are paying off as several nanotechnology-based therapeutics have been approved by the FDA. Liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil ® ) was the first nano-drug approved by the FDA for treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in 1995.…”