Intracellular visualization of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the skin of a puffer Tetraodon nigroviridis by immunoenzymatic technique

Mahmud, Yahia; Arakawa, Osamu; Ichinose, Akitoyo; Tanu, Mohosena Begum; Takatani, Tomohiro; Tsuruda, Kazumi; Kawatsu, Kentaro; Hamano, Yonekazu; Noguchi, Tamao

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00003-5

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…By knowing the inter-or intra-tissue distribution of TTX, it is possible to estimate the functions of TTX in these organisms. For example, marine pufferfish (Table 1) and flatworms [9,120] retain high toxicity in their eggs, and pufferfish and newts are equipped with TTX-secreting glands or cells in their skin [38][39][40]121], suggesting that TTX is present as a defensive substance to protect their eggs or themselves from external enemies. In this context, we recently found that the immunity of cultured pufferfish is significantly activated when they are reared with TTX-containing diets [122], though the mechanism remains to be clarified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our recent immunohistochemical investigations using a monoclonal anti-TTX antibody clarified the intratissue microdistribution of TTX in the skin and ovary of TTX-bearing pufferfish [38][39][40]. Speciesspecificity was also recognized in the microdistribution, i.e., TTX was localized in the nucleus, yolk vesicles, and yolk granules of oocytes in the ovary of the marine species T. vermicularis, whereas it was detected in the connective tissues and nucleus of some oocytes in C. patoca [39].…”

Section: Distribution Of Ttx In Pufferfish Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Speciesspecificity was also recognized in the microdistribution, i.e., TTX was localized in the nucleus, yolk vesicles, and yolk granules of oocytes in the ovary of the marine species T. vermicularis, whereas it was detected in the connective tissues and nucleus of some oocytes in C. patoca [39]. TTX-bearing glands were observed in the skin of T. vermicularis, and TTX-bearing secretory cells (succiform cells) were observed in brackish water species such as C. patoca, T. steindachneri, and T. nigroviridis [38][39][40].…”

Section: Distribution Of Ttx In Pufferfish Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tetrodotoxin – Distribution and Accumulation in Aquatic Organisms, and Cases of Human Intoxication

Noguch

Arakawa

2008

Marine Drugs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many pufferfish of the family Tetraodontidae possess a potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin (TTX). In marine pufferfish species, toxicity is generally high in the liver and ovary, whereas in brackish water and freshwater species, toxicity is higher in the skin. In 1964, the toxin of the California newt was identified as TTX as well, and since then TTX has been detected in a variety of other organisms. TTX is produced primarily by marine bacteria, and pufferfish accumulate TTX via the food chain that begins with these bacteria. Consequently, pufferfish become non-toxic when they are fed TTX-free diets in an environment in which the invasion of TTX-bearing organisms is completely shut off. Although some researchers claim that the TTX of amphibians is endogenous, we believe that it also has an exogenous origin, i.e., from organisms consumed as food. TTX-bearing animals are equipped with a high tolerance to TTX, and thus retain or accumulate TTX possibly as a biologic defense substance. There have been many cases of human intoxication due to the ingestion of TTX-bearing pufferfish, mainly in Japan, China, and Taiwan, and several victims have died. Several cases of TTX intoxication due to the ingestion of small gastropods, including some lethal cases, were recently reported in China and Taiwan, revealing a serious public health issue.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Ttx In Pufferfish Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Distribution Of Ttx In Pufferfish Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tetrodotoxin – Distribution and Accumulation in Aquatic Organisms, and Cases of Human Intoxication

Noguch

Arakawa

2008

Marine Drugs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Divergence in several characteristics supports the idea that these species may experience different predation regimes. Although both species are known to contain tetrodotoxin (Chen and Chou, 1998;Mahmud et al, 2003), T. nigroviridis has a potentially aposematic coloration pattern (Fig.2), whereas D. holocanthus exhibits mottled, disruptive coloration, most likely for camouflage. In addition, our anecdotal laboratory observations suggest that these fish employ inflation behavior to different extents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct startle responses are associated with neuroanatomical differences in pufferfishes

Greenwood

Peichel

Zottoli

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The intracellular distribution of TTX in different pufferfish species were performed earlier. [14][15][16] Various methods were employed in locating TTX at the intracellular levels and they are HPLC, LC-FABMS, and monoclonal antibody based immunoenzymatic and immunohistological methods. Takifugu oblongus is a species of pufferfish which is available along the Indian coasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-cellular localization of Tetrodotoxin in the Tissues of the Pufferfish Takifugu Oblongus

Indumathi¹,

Khora²

2017

IJPER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The prime objective of this study is to determine the origin of Tetrodotoxin in the pufferfish Takifugu oblongus. Methods: Ultracentrifugation was performed to separate the tissues into various cellular fractions. Mouse bioassay was done to analyse the toxicity of different fractions from skin, liver and ovary of T. oblongus. The toxic fractions were subjected to HPLC-UV detection, to detect the presence of tetrodotoxin and quantify it. Results: Cytosolic fractions of skin, liver and ovary were extremely toxic and the presence of tetrodotoxin was proved on comparison with the retention time of standard toxin. Conclusions: These results suggest that the origin of tetrodotoxin could be endogenous or biosynthesized by the pufferfishes themselves. Clarifying the contradictions about the origins of TTX in puffers would allow researchers to accurately identify its role and toxicogenesis of the organisms which possess tetrodotoxin.

show abstract

Intracellular visualization of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the skin of a puffer Tetraodon nigroviridis by immunoenzymatic technique

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Tetrodotoxin – Distribution and Accumulation in Aquatic Organisms, and Cases of Human Intoxication

Tetrodotoxin – Distribution and Accumulation in Aquatic Organisms, and Cases of Human Intoxication

Distinct startle responses are associated with neuroanatomical differences in pufferfishes

Sub-cellular localization of Tetrodotoxin in the Tissues of the Pufferfish Takifugu Oblongus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About