Intracerebral methionine-enkephalin, serum cortisol, and serum β-endorphin during acute exposure of sheep to physical or isolation stress1

Hashizume, Takumi; Haglof, Stanley A.; Malven, P.V.

doi:10.2527/1994.723700x

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It was shown that stressors can increase plasma cortisol (Arave et al, 1988;Hashizume et al, 1994). The increased serum cortisol by addition of 1 200 ppb Cr from CrNano in the present study suggests that high level of Cr may be a stressor to rat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of chromium nanoparticle dosage on growth, body composition, serum hormones and tissue chromium in Sprague-Dawley rats

Zha

Wang

et al. 2007

J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B

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This 6-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven different levels of dietary chromium (Cr) (0, 75, 150, 300, 450, 600, and 1 200 ppb Cr) in the form of Cr nanoparticle (CrNano) on growth, body composition, serum hormones and tissue Cr in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Seventy male SD rats (average initial body weight of (83.2±4.4) g) were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (n=10). At the end of the trial, body composition was assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). All rats were then sacrificed to collect samples of blood, organs and tissues for determination of serum hormones and tissue Cr contents. The results indicated that lean body mass was significantly increased (P<0.05) due to the addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr from CrNano. Supplementation of 150, 300, 450, and 600 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) percent body fat significantly. Average daily gain was increased (P<0.05) by addition of 75, 150, and 300 ppb Cr and feed efficiency was increased (P<0.05) by supplementation of 75, 300, and 450 ppb Cr. Addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) the insulin level in serum greatly. Cr contents in liver and kidney were greatly increased (P<0.05) by the addition of Cr as CrNano in the dosage of from 150 ppb to 1 200 ppb. In addition, Supplementation of 300, 450, and 600 ppb Cr significantly increased (P<0.05) Cr content in the hind leg muscle. These results suggest that supplemental CrNano has beneficial effects on growth performance and body composition, and increases tissue Cr concentration in selected muscles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of chromium nanoparticle dosage on growth, body composition, serum hormones and tissue chromium in Sprague-Dawley rats

Zha

Wang

et al. 2007

J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B

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“…Treatment solutions: The infusion vehicle was an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF: NaCl, 125 mM; KCl, 2.5 mM; NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.5 mM; Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.2 mM; CaCl 2 , 1.2 mM; MgCl 2 , 1.0 mM; NaHCO 3 , 27 mM) [6]. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.4 with 4-6 ml of 0.5 N HCl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracerebroventricularly Administered Oxytocin Attenuated Cortisol Secretion, but not Behavioral Responses, during Isolation in Holstein Steers

Yayou

Ito

Kasuya

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In rodents, intracerebroventricular oxytocin administration attenuated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses and anxiety behavior during stress. We examined the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of oxytocin on isolation-induced stress responses in cattle. In a methodological test, we determined the dosage of oxytocin applied in a main test which did not induce an increase in plasma cortisol concentration or stereotyped behaviors. In a main test, 5 steers aged from 199 to 250 days were assigned to the following three treatments randomly: T1, no isolation after injection of 200 µl of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF); T2, isolation after aCSF injection; and T3, isolation after 0.5 µg of oxytocin in 200 µl aCSF injection. The isolation was conducted by leaving the experimental steer alone in its stall for one hour while its peers were taken outside. In T2, the isolation induced a rapid increase in plasma cortisol concentration. The maximum %-changes from the pre-isolation value were significantly attenuated by oxytocin injection (T2 vs. T3, p<0.05). The isolation also induced an increase in the frequency (number of occurrences/1 hr isolation) of vocalizations and body orientation changes, and a decrease in the percentage of time spent lying and ruminating. The effect of oxytocin on these behavioral responses to isolation was not apparent. These results indicate that intracerebroventricularly injected oxytocin at low dose attenuated the cortisol response to isolation in steers while the effect on behavior was very small in this experimental condition. KEY WORDS: behavior, cortisol, isolation, oxytocin, steer.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70 (7): [665][666][667][668][669][670][671] 2008 In response to various stressors, oxytocin is released not only peripherally, but also intracerebrally to regulate pituitary-adrenocortical and behavioral stress responses [11]. Recent studies in rodents have shown that oxytocin suppresses the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to stressors [11,12,18] and has anxiolytic properties [9,19]. There are, however, few studies about the anti-stress effect of central oxytocin in animals other than rodents. In sheep, oxytocin infusions directly into the posterior pituitary, but not into paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, suppressed cortisol responsiveness to an acute psychological stressor, a barking dog [4]. They, however, did not elucidate the anxiolytic properties of oxytocin because of their experimental design.Recently, Ludwig et al. reviewed evidence that neuropeptides, such as oxytocin and vasopressin, are released from dendrites and diffuse to distant targets to exert long-lasting changes on behavior [8]. We tried to mimic this phenomenon by intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin.We used steers in the present study. The anti-stress effect of central oxytocin has not been elucidated in cattle. In our previous study in steers, intracerebroventricularly infused corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) or arginine vasopressin (AVP) activ...

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“…Adrenal corticoids, mainly cortisol elicit physiological adjustments that enable animals to tolerate stressful conditions (Correa-Calderon et al, 2004). Plasma cortisol levels are elevated after either physical or psychological stress (Hashizume et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress responses to comparative handling procedures in sheep

Yardimci

Şahin

Çetingül

et al. 2013

Animal

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The objective of this study was to compare some husbandry procedures on the base of physiological stress parameters and evaluate the welfare status in sheep. Forty ewes were used as the study material. Measurements were taken during several routine husbandry procedures such as milking, shearing, weighing, loading and hoof care. Data regarding time spent for each application, as well as heart and respiratory rates were recorded during the applications. Blood samples were taken 15 min before and after each application and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px), cortisol T 3 and T 4 parameters were measured. In addition, changes in the same parameters between pre-and post-application periods were evaluated. According to the results, machine milking caused less stress than hand milking. No significant difference was seen between shearing methods for hand shearer or clipper; however, both applications caused stress in animals. The results for weighing methods of animals demonstrated significant differences in cortisol, T 3 and T 4 values in favor of traditional method. Cortisol, T 3 and T 4 levels were significantly higher in manual loading compared with loading by ramp. Regarding hoof care, all the examined parameters differed in favor of modern method. On the other hand, significant differences were determined between the stress parameters regarding pre-and postapplications. All values differed for hand milking while no significant difference was observed in MDA and T 3 values in machine milking group. Parameters in weighing groups changed significantly. For loading process, GSH, cortisol, T 3 and T 4 values differed in both treatment groups. With regard to hoof care, parameters except T 4 in laying group differed significantly. An increase occurred in minute-based measurements of heart and respiratory rates parallel to physiological data. The number of the respiratory rates during the applications differed except for the shearing process. All the parameters displayed significant differences between groups in terms of heart rates. Time spent for each application also differed between groups. Time saved for milking, shearing, weighing, loading and hoof care was 3.23 min, 4.37 min, 1.71 min, 7.85 s and 1.55 min, respectively. These results appear to provide a tangible advantage of using new husbandry methods to the breeders. It was concluded that using new methods in sheep husbandry procedures provided advantages in terms of saving time and reducing labor, as well as improved conditions for welfare of animals. In addition, it facilitated the routine works and flock husbandry.

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Intracerebral methionine-enkephalin, serum cortisol, and serum β-endorphin during acute exposure of sheep to physical or isolation stress1

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of chromium nanoparticle dosage on growth, body composition, serum hormones and tissue chromium in Sprague-Dawley rats

Effects of chromium nanoparticle dosage on growth, body composition, serum hormones and tissue chromium in Sprague-Dawley rats

Intracerebroventricularly Administered Oxytocin Attenuated Cortisol Secretion, but not Behavioral Responses, during Isolation in Holstein Steers

Stress responses to comparative handling procedures in sheep

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