Abstract-The joint scheduling of cellular and D2D communications to share the same radio resource is a complex task. In one hand, D2D links provide very high throughputs. In the other hand, the intra-cell interference they cause impacts on the performance of cellular communications. Therefore, designing algorithms and mechanisms that allow an efficient reuse of resources by the D2D links with a reduced impact on cellular communications is a key problem. In general, traditional Radio Resource Management (RRM) schemes (D2D grouping and mode selection) focus on finding the most compatible D2D pair for an already scheduled cellular User Equipment (UE). However, such approach limits the number of possible combinations to form the group (composed by a cellular UE and a D2D pair) to be scheduled in the radio resource. To overcome that, in this work a unified Joint Opportunistic Scheduling (JOS) of cellular and D2D communications, which is able to improve the total system throughput by exploiting the spatial compatibility among cellular and D2D UEs, is proposed. But more complexity is brought to the scheduling problem. Thus, a low-complexity suboptimal heuristic Joint Opportunistic Assignment and Scheduling (JOAS) is also elaborated. Results show that it is possible to reduce the computational complexity but still improve the overall performance in terms of cellular fairness and total system throughput with less impact on cellular communications.Index Terms-LTE, network-assisted device-to-device communications, D2D, radio resource management, RRM, proportional fair, grouping, mode selection, joint opportunistic scheduling.
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A. Background: Dealing with Additional Interference
BY enabling direct and low-power communication among users, hereafter generally referred as User Equipments (UEs), Device-to-Device (D2D) communication leads to an improved spectrum utilization, system capacity and/or Quality of Service (QoS) levels; and at cell boundaries, D2D links may be used as relays to extend the coverage area [1], [2].Due to their aforementioned advantages and deployment flexibility, D2D communications are considered in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to facilitate Machine-Type Communication (MTC)/proximity aware services, and security/public safety applications, becoming part of Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards [3]. In this context, conventional cellular and D2D communications can be respectively referred as primary and secondary communications.The authors are with Wireless Telecom Research Group (GTEL) at Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. E-mails: {rodrigobatista, cfms, maciel, mairton, rodrigo}@gtel.ufc.br.The Associate Editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. José Cândido Santos Filho.https://doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2017.7But, transmissions conveyed to cellular and D2D UEs on the same radio resource are coupled by intra-cell interference.Therefore, designing algorithms and mechanisms that allow an efficient reuse of resources by ...