Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Calcification: A Representative for Cerebral Artery Calcification and Association with White Matter Hyperintensities

Chung, Pil-Wook; Park, Kwang‐Yeol; Moon, Heui-Soo; Kim, Yong-Bum; Youn, Young Chul; Byun, Jun Soo; Kwon, Ohsang

doi:10.1159/000314622

Cited by 45 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Chung et al also reported that qualitatively graded CT calcification of the intracranial carotid artery was associated with white matter intensities. 25 In contrast, others found no association between extracranial 26 or intracranial 27 carotid calcification and WMLs. Both studies assessed WMLs using a qualitative grading system instead of quantified volumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Calcification in Major Vessel Beds Relates to Vascular Brain Disease

Bos

Ikram

Elias‐Smale

et al. 2011

ATVB

137

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Objective-Calcification in atherosclerotic plaques is a novel marker of atherosclerosis and is related to cardiovascular disease. However, its relationship with cerebrovascular disease has not been investigated extensively. We investigated the relationship between calcification in various vessel beds outside the brain and imaging markers of vascular brain disease. Methods and Results-A total of 885 community-dwelling people (mean age, 66.7 years) underwent computed tomography of the coronary arteries, aortic arch, and extracranial and intracranial carotid arteries to assess arterial calcification. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed to assess cerebral infarcts, microbleeds, and white matter lesions (WMLs

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Calcification in Major Vessel Beds Relates to Vascular Brain Disease

Bos

Ikram

Elias‐Smale

et al. 2011

ATVB

137

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“…The degree of intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) calcification on CT angiography was graded as none, mild or severe based on a method described previously (table 1) [6,7,9]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that arterial calcification usually occurs in the atherosclerotic large artery, it has been reported that cerebral artery calcification is associated with SVD [5,6,7,8]. Since it seems reasonable to assume that pathological change in vessels is correlated with parenchymal alteration, we hypothesized that cerebral arterial calcification might be a risk factor for CMB [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Artery Calcification Is Associated with Deep Cerebral Microbleeds

et al. 2014

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Background/Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the association between arterial calcification and cerebral microbleeds (CMB) relative to their distribution. Methods: We identified 834 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who underwent CT angiography and susceptibility-weighted imaging. Results: Internal carotid artery (ICA) calcification and CMB were found in 660 patients (79.1%) and 335 patients (40.2%), respectively. ICA calcification was independently associated with CMB of any location (odds ratio, OR, 2.86, 95% CI 2.01-4.08, p < 0.0001). The association between calcification and deep CMB was stronger (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.39-5.14, p < 0.0001). However, ICA calcification was not associated with CMB in a strictly lobar area. Conclusion: ICA calcification is an independent risk factor for deep CMB but not for a strictly lobar CMB. Our findings might contribute to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease.

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“…Mechanisms underlying remain largely unknown, but it may be hypothesized that those patients with a higher burden of ICAC generally also have a worse condition of vessels more distal in the brain. 16,17 In addition, aside from intimal calcification, calcification of the internal elastic lamina 18 also occurs relatively commonly in the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery. This arterial stiffening may directly result in increased pulse pressure leading to damage in the microvasculature and surrounding tissue.…”

Section: February 2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial Carotid Artery Calcification Relates to Recanalization and Clinical Outcome After Mechanical Thrombectomy

Hernández‐Pérez

Bos

Dorado

et al. 2017

Stroke

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Background and Purpose— Intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) is a surrogate marker of intracranial arteriosclerosis, which may impact the revascularization and clinical outcome of acute stroke patients who undergo mechanical thrombectomy. Methods— We included 194 patients admitted to our Stroke Unit between January 2009 and September 2015 who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for an anterior circulation occlusion. ICAC was quantified in both intracranial carotid arteries on the nonenhanced computed tomographic scan that was acquired before thrombectomy. Complete arterial revascularization was defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b on the final angiographic examination. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of >2 at 90 days. We assessed the independent effect of ICAC volume on complete arterial revascularization, functional outcome, and mortality using logistic regression models adjusted for relevant confounders. Results— ICAC was present in 164 (84.5%) patients, with a median volume of 87.1 mm 3 (25th–75th quartile: 18.9–254.6 mm 3 ). We found that larger ICAC volumes were associated with incomplete arterial revascularization (adjusted odds ratio per unit increase in ln-transformed ICAC volume 0.73 [95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.93]) and with poorer functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio per unit increase in ln-transformed ICAC volume 1.31 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.66]). Conclusions— A larger amount of ICAC before mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke patients is an indicator of worse postprocedural arterial revascularization and poorer functional outcome.

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Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Calcification: A Representative for Cerebral Artery Calcification and Association with White Matter Hyperintensities

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

Calcification in Major Vessel Beds Relates to Vascular Brain Disease

Calcification in Major Vessel Beds Relates to Vascular Brain Disease

Carotid Artery Calcification Is Associated with Deep Cerebral Microbleeds

Intracranial Carotid Artery Calcification Relates to Recanalization and Clinical Outcome After Mechanical Thrombectomy

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