Significance
Brain metastases represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults. Adequate chemotherapy delivery to the CNS is hindered by the blood–brain barrier. Efforts in intracranial chemotherapy delivery aim to maximize CNS levels while minimizing systemic toxicity; however, the success has been limited thus far. In this work, intracranial implanted doxorubicin and temozolomide microcapsules are compared with systemic administration in a novel rodent model of breast adenocarcinoma brain metastases. These microcapsules are versatile and efficacious, but that efficacy may depend on the ability of the chemotherapy to diffuse in brain tissue. These insights apply to other non-CNS applications of local drug delivery, and drugs should be evaluated based on their ability to penetrate the targeted tissue as well as their inherent efficacy.