Intracranial Tumors with Extracranial Metastases

Extracranial Metastasis of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma With 1p19q Loss of Heterozygosity -Case Report-

“…Primary tumor in the brain is thought to spread in three ways: local invasion, seeding via the cerebrospinal fluid pathways, and remotely through the lymphatic and vascular channels. 5) The brain and spinal cord contain no lymphatic pathways, 21,22) but once the tumor cells invade the dura mater, extracranial metastasis via the lymphatic system becomes possible, and could especially occur after craniotomy. Surgical procedures can increase the risk of metastasis outside the nervous system via the lymphatic system as well as the vascular channel.…”

The Recurrence of Intracranial Meningiomas After Surgical Treatment

“…It is generally agreed that some meningiomas are clinically malignant, as witnessed by rapid growth, invasive tendency, and, rarely, extracranial metastasis. Winkelman, Cassel, and Schlesinger (1952) found 10 acceptable examples of metastasis, to which may be added the cases reported by Christensen, Klaer, and Winblad (1949), Swingle (1949), Laymon and Becker (1949), Cross and Cooper (1952), Shozawa (1952), Zulch, Pompeu, and Pinto (1954), Rosen and Branch (1954), and Lima (1951), in all at least 19. But whether in practice clinical recurrences are more likely to result from the intrinsic malignancy of the tumours, rather than from the inadequacy of the surgical resections, is still disputable.…”

Extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: A report of two cases and a review of the literature

“…24 There is a relationship between the prolongation of patients' survival and developing metastases. 1,2, 14 In Hoffman and Duffner's study, extracranial metastases occurred late in the course of the disease with a median survival of 2 yr from the time of the initial diagnosis. ' ' The survival time in our two cases was 47 and 18 mo, respectively.…”