Intraepidermal nerves in human digital skin

Novotny, G. E. K.; Gommert-Novotny, E.

doi:10.1007/bf00220023

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The temperature stimuli that would produce the largest spatial gradients would be those delivered with the fastest ramp rates, from the lowest base temperatures, and for the shortest durations. Cold fibres are also unaffected by spatial gradients (Hensel & Zotterman, 1951) (Cauna, 1973;Breathnach, 1977;Novotny & Gommert-Novotny, 1988 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of C fibre nociceptors in the anaesthetized monkey to heat stimuli: estimates of receptor depth and threshold.

Tillman

Treede

Meyer

et al. 1995

The Journal of Physiology

115

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1. Responses to ramped or stepped temperature stimuli were obtained from fifty-three cutaneous C fibre mechano-heat nociceptors (CMHs) in the hairy skin of the pentobarbitone-morphine anaesthetized monkey. A three-layer heat transfer model was developed to describe the temperature distribution within the skin and to estimate receptor depth and heat threshold. 2. Surface heat threshold, defined as the surface temperature when the first action potential occurs, increased as: (a) the rate of temperature rise for the ramped stimuli increased from 0 095 to 5-8°C s'; (b) the duration of stepped heat stimuli decreased from 30 to 1 s; and (c) the base temperature of stepped heat stimuli decreased from 38 to 35 'C. These results suggest that the heat threshold for CMHs is determined by the temperature at the depth of the receptor. 4. We conclude that: (a) the receptor endings of CMHs occur in the epidermis and dermis; (b) temperature at the level of the receptor determines threshold; (c) temperature at the receptor ending is much lower than skin surface temperature at threshold; and (d) the tight distribution of receptor heat thresholds suggests a uniform transducer mechanism for heat in CMHs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of C fibre nociceptors in the anaesthetized monkey to heat stimuli: estimates of receptor depth and threshold.

Tillman

Treede

Meyer

et al. 1995

The Journal of Physiology

115

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“…Single fibers arising from this plexus end freely in the subepidermal layer of the papillary dermis or penetrate the epidermal basal membrane and innervate the epidermis (Arthur and Shelley, 1959;Tsui, 1971;Novotny and Gommert-Novotny, 1988;Kennedy and Wendelschafer-Crabb, 1993;Crivellato et al, 1994;Hilliges et al, 1995). Branches of the deep cutaneous plexus, which is located on the dermissubcutis border, innervate hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and dermal blood vessels, form anastomotic fibers with the subepidermal plexus or end freely in the papillary dermis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Hair cycle-dependent plasticity of skin and hair follicle innervation in normal murine skin

et al. 1997

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The innervation of normal, mature mammalian skin is widely thought to be constant. However, the extensive skin remodeling accompanying the transformation of hair follicles from resting stage through growth and regression back to resting (telogen-anagen-catagen-telogen) may also be associated with alteration of skin innervation. We, therefore, have investigated the innervation of the back skin of adolescent C57BL/6 mice at various stages of the depilation-induced hair cycle. By using antisera against neuronal (protein gene product 9.5 [PGP 9.5], neurofilament 150) and Schwann cell (S-100, myelin basic protein) markers, as well as against neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), we found a dramatic increase of single fibers within the dermis and subcutis during early anagen. This was paralleled by an increase in the number of anastomoses between the cutaneous nerve plexuses and by distinct changes in the nerve fiber supply of anagen vs. telogen hair follicles. The follicular isthmus, including the bulge, the seat of epithelial follicle stem cells, was found to be the most densely innervated skin area. Here, a defined subpopulation of nerve fibers increased in number during anagen and declined during catagen, accompanied by dynamic alterations in the expression of NCAM and GAP-43. Thus, our study provides evidence for a surprising degree of plasticity of murine skin innervation. Because hair cycle-associated tissue remodeling evidently is associated with tightly regulated sprouting and regression of nerve fibers, hair cycle-dependent alterations in murine skin and hair follicle innervation offer an intriguing model for studying the controlled rearrangement of neuronal networks in peripheral tissues under physiological conditions.

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“…Often they come into contact With the basal lamina. It was only by using light microscopy that free nerve endings were described in the spinous layers of the epidermis (Kadanoff, 1928;Novotny and Gommert-Novotny, 1988). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Innervation of the Hairless and Hairy Skin in Mammals including Humans

Halata

1990

The Primary Afferent Neuron

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Intraepidermal nerves in human digital skin

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Response of C fibre nociceptors in the anaesthetized monkey to heat stimuli: estimates of receptor depth and threshold.

Response of C fibre nociceptors in the anaesthetized monkey to heat stimuli: estimates of receptor depth and threshold.

Hair cycle-dependent plasticity of skin and hair follicle innervation in normal murine skin

Sensory Innervation of the Hairless and Hairy Skin in Mammals including Humans

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