Intraexaminer, Interexaminer, and Interdevice Comparability of Leg Length Measurements Obtained with Measuring Tape and Metrecom

Hoyle, David A.; Latour, Michael; Bohannon, Richard W.

doi:10.2519/jospt.1991.14.6.263

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Hoyle et al 32 reported intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between repeated tape measurements from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus that were similar to those reported by Friberg et al 18 The ICC 3,1 for 25 subjects between 2 examiners for the left limb was 0.99 with a range of differences between examiners of 5.0 to 23.0 mm. The ICC 3,1 for 25 subjects between 2 examiners for the right limb was 0.98 with a range of differences of 0.0 to 28.5 mm.…”

Section: Clinical Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The authors concluded, therefore, that tape measurements by different clinicians should not be compared. The study by Hoyle et al 32 did have 2 major methodological problems. Subjects were measured repeatedly with an insufficient interval between measurements to prevent rater bias, and it is not clear if examiners were masked to each other's results.…”

Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limb Length Inequality: Clinical Implications for Assessment and Intervention

Brady¹,

Dean²,

Skinner³

et al. 2003

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

165

104

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The purpose of this paper is to review relevant literature concerning limb length inequalities in adults and to make recommendations for assessment and intervention based on the literature and our own clinical experience. Literature searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL databases. Limb length inequality and common classification criteria are defined and etiological factors are presented. Common methods of detecting limb length inequality include direct (tape measure methods), indirect (pelvic leveling), and radiological techniques. Interventions include shoe inserts or external shoe lift therapy for mild cases. Surgery may be appropriate in severe cases. Little agreement exists regarding the prevalence of limb length inequality, the degree of limb length inequality that is considered clinically significant, and the reliability and validity of assessment methods. Based on correlational studies, the relationship between limb length inequality and orthopaedic pathologies is questionable. Stronger support for the link between low back pain (LBP) and limb length inequality is provided by intervention studies. Methods involving palpation of pelvic landmarks with block correction have the most support for clinical assessment of limb length inequality. Standing radiographs are suggested when clinical assessment methods are unsatisfactory. Clinicians should exercise caution when undertaking intervention strategies for limb length inequality of less than 5 mm when limb length inequality has been identified with clinical techniques. Recommendations are provided regarding intervention strategies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:221-234.

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Section: Clinical Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb Length Inequality: Clinical Implications for Assessment and Intervention

Brady¹,

Dean²,

Skinner³

et al. 2003

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

165

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies have demonstrated that the Metrecom was reliable when used for assessments of inanimate objects (17) and human leg length measurements (9). In a recent study, Smidt et al (20) evaluated the Metrecom for accuracy, repeatability and linearity, and for human skeletal landmark location reliability.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Positive Heel Inclination on Posture

Franklin

Chenier²,

Brauninger³

et al. 1995

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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osture is the relative art rangement of the various parts of the body. Physical therapists typically perform postural assessment5 as a part of a patient's musculoskeletal evaluation. Individuals experiencing low back pain are often told by physical therapists not to wear high heels because of the lordotic effects that heels have on the lumbar spine area. Recognizing that millions of women wear high heels to be fashionable, several studies have analyzed the changes high heels have on gait and static posture. Gollnick et al (8) found that in a electrogoniometric study of lowheeled (range = -3-7 cm) and highheeled (range = 7-11 cm) gait, an average increase of 20" occurred in ankle plantar flexion, while the knee flexion angle range of motion (ROM) increased during stance phase and decreased during swing phase. In addition to confirming Gollnick et al's results, demonstrated that women in high heels (X = 6.1 cm) have reduced gait velocity, stride lengths, swing phase hip ROM of flexion/ extension and abduction/adduction, heel strike external rotation, pelvic tilt, and upper trunk ROM when compared with low-heeled (X = 1.6 cm) gait. Further, found increased stance phase time and tibia1 internal rotation in highheeled gait when compared with lowheeled gait. In contrast, de Lateur et al (5) ' Staff Physical Therapist, Craven Regional Medical Center, New Bern, NC Staff Physical Therapist, Department of Physical Therapy, Baptist Hospital Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC Staff Physical Therapist, Nash General Hospital, Rocky Mount, NC between the gait kinematics of women in high heels (X = 8.9 cm) compared with low heels (R = 2.2 an).Joseph (1 1) demonstrated that during high-heeled (range = 5.5-8 cm) gait, the electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity was altered, and there was continuous firing of the tibialis anterior, increased activity of the soleus and prolonged continuous firing of the quadriceps in stance phase, and an additional phase of gluteus medius activity in swing phase when compared with low-heeled (range = 1-2.5 cm) gait. In support of Joseph's (1 1) increased muscle activity results, Mathews and Wooten (14) found that oxygen consumption was significantly increased when subjects walked in 7.6-cm high heels compared with saddle shoes and loafers.Static posture analysis has demonstrated that high-heel (X = 6.4 cm) stance moved the knee and ankle joint axis closer and displaced the head and thoracic spine more posterior to the line of gravity when compared with barefoot stance (10,18). A decreased lumbar lordosis and a decreased angle of pelvic inclination have also been shown to occur in women standing and wearing high heels (X = 6.4 cm) (18) and standing on a 4.5-cm wooden heel block (3) when compared with women standing and wearing no heels. However, de Lateur et a1 (5) found that

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“…Además, Gogia y Braatz publicaron un trabajo en relación con las radiografías (ICC= 0.98) y una fiabilidad inter e intraexaminador de (ICC=0.98) (26). Hoyle y sus colaboradores, observaron una fiabilidad interexaminador de r=0.98 y una fiabilidad intraexaminador que iba desde r=0.89 a r=0.95 para la medición desde la EIAS al maléolo tibial (27) Woerman y Binder-MacLeod compararon el método indirecto y ambas variantes del método directo con las radiografías, y concluyeron que el método indirecto era más exacto y preciso que cualquiera de los métodos directos (11). Los autores abogaron por el uso del método indirecto, especialmente en caso de que pudiera tratarse de una disimetría funcional de la longitud de las piernas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Protocolo de valoración de las diferencias de longitud de los miembros inferiores

Gómez-Aguilar¹,

Bueno

Lafuente-Sotillos³

et al. 2017

Eur J Pod

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Objectives: To propose a clinical protocol valid and reliable for the study of the differences in length of lower limb (hereinafter DLMI) scan. Materials and Methods: Literature review in scientific databases, and descriptive study with a total sample of 115 participants: study of different methods of determination and measurement of DLMI. Results: There is no consensus as to the reliability and validity of methods and measurement instruments existing in the literature. It has been proven the reliability of the proposed protocol, according to the results of other authors and the data obtained in our study. Conclusions:The Weber-Barstow maneuver, study with tape measure, PALM® and tablets and pelvic compensation level for clinical determination of DLMI is proposed. The anteroposterior telemetry lower limb load as a complementary test, and the Foot Posture Index (hereinafter FPI) and Navicular Drop Test (hereinafter NDT) for the analysis of the position of the foot.

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Intraexaminer, Interexaminer, and Interdevice Comparability of Leg Length Measurements Obtained with Measuring Tape and Metrecom

Cited by 42 publications

References 4 publications

Limb Length Inequality: Clinical Implications for Assessment and Intervention

Limb Length Inequality: Clinical Implications for Assessment and Intervention

Effect of Positive Heel Inclination on Posture

Protocolo de valoración de las diferencias de longitud de los miembros inferiores

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